AT THE HEART OF EVERY SMART INVESTMENT DECISION IS A THOROUGH AND ACCURATE VALUATION Valuation is the art and science of pricing assets of all kinds, so that you can correctly make buy, sell, or hold decisions. In modern markets, valuation is extremely complex, accounting for many kinds of uncertainty, as well as novel asset structures that bring nuance to the pricing process. This revised Fourth University Edition of Investment Valuation provides expert instruction on how to value almost any type of financial or real asset, including options, start-up firms, cryptocurrencies and other digital assets, real estate, private companies, and more. Written by Aswath Damodaran, an acclaimed professor at New York University's Stern Business School and a noted valuation authority, this reliable resource uses real-world examples and the most current valuation tools to guide you through the theory and application of various valuation models. Along the way, it covers how to: - Apply valuation lessons learned from recent events in the global marketplace- Use real option theory and option pricing models in valuing business and equity- Price unconventional assets, financial service firms, start-ups, emerging market companies, and many other traditionally valued assets- Understand probabilistic approaches in valuation, such as scenario analysis, decision trees, and simulations- Choose the right model for any given asset valuation scenario A comprehensive guide for those who need to know more about the tricky business of valuation, the Fourth University Edition of Investment Valuation-which includes an expanded set of online resources for instructors and students-presents essential information about this critical part of the investment process.