Presents the study of facial expression. This book addresses topics and questions such as the dynamic and morphological differences between voluntary and involuntary expressions, the relationship between what people show on their faces and what they say they feel. It also presents the research on automating facial measurement. Foreword v M. BREWSTER SMITH Contributors xix Introduction: The Study of Spontaneous Facial Expressions in Psychology 3(16) ERIKA L. ROSENBERG Part One Basic Research on Emotion 19(408) 1 Is the Startle Reaction an Emotion? 21(19) PAUL EKMAN, WALLACE V. FRIESEN, RONALD C. SIMONS Afterword: The Startle and Emotion 36(1) PAUL EKMAN Afterword: FACS in the Study of the Latah Syndrome 38(1) RONALD C. SIMONS 2 The Asymmetry of Facial Actions Is Inconsistent with Models of Hemispheric Specialization 40(23) JOSEPH C. HAGER, PAUL EKMAN Afterword: Asymmetry in Facial Muscular Actions 58(1) JOSEPH C. HAGER 3 Coherence Between Expressive and Experiential Systems in Emotion 63(26) ERIKA L. ROSENBERG, PAUL EKMAN Afterword: Emotions as Unified Responses 86(1) ERIKA L. ROSENBERG 4 Will the Real Relationship Between Facial Expression and Affective Experience Please Stand Up: The Case of Exhilaration 89(23) WILLIBALD RUCH Afterword: The FACS in Humor Research 109(1) WILLIBALD RUCH 5 Extraversion, Alcohol, and Enjoyment 112(21) WILLIBALD RUCH Afterword: Laughter and Temperament 131(1) WILLIBALD RUCH 6 Signs of Appeasement: Evidence for the Distinct Displays of Embarrassment, Amusement, and Shame 133(28) DACHER KELTNER Afterword: The Forms and Functions of Embarrassment 158(1) DACHER KELTNER 7 Genuine, Suppressed, and Faked Facial Behavior During Exacerbation of Chronic Low Back Pain 161(20) KENNETH D. CRAIG, SUSAN A. HYDE, CHRISTOPHER J. PATRICK Afterword: On Knowing Another's Pain 178(1) KENNETH D. CRAIG 8 The Consistency of Facial Expressions of Pain: A Comparison Across Modalities 181(20) KENNETH M. PRKACHIN Afterword: The Consistency of Facial Expressions of Pain 198(1) KENNETH M. PRKACHIN 9 Smiles When Lying 201(16) PAUL EKMAN, WALLACE V. FRIESEN, MAUREEN O'SULLIVAN Afterword: Smiles When Lying 215(1) PAUL EKMAN 10 Behavioral Markers and Recognizability of the Smile of Enjoyment 217(26) MARK G. FRANK, PAUL EKMAN, WALLACE V. FRIESEN Afterword: Some Thoughts on FACS, Dynamic Markers of Emotion, and Baseball 239(1) MARK G. FRANK 11 Components and Recognition of Facial Expression in the Communication of Emotion by Actors 243(28) PIERRE GOSSELIN, GILLES KIROUAC, FRANCSOIS Y. DORE Afterword: Components and Recognition of Facial Expression in the Communication of Emotion by Actors 268(1) PIERRE GOSSELIN, GILLES KIROUAC 12 Differentiating Emotion Elicited and Deliberate Emotional Facial Expressions 271(18) URSULA HESS, ROBERT E. KLECK Afterword: Objective Differences versus Observers' Ratings 287(1) URSULA HESS 13 Japanese and American Infants' Responses to Arm Restraint 289(13) LINDA A. CAMRAS, HARRIET OSTER, JOSEPH J. CAMPOS, KAZUO MIYAKE, DONNA BRADSHAW Afterword: The Cross-Cultural Study of Infant Facial Expressions 300(1) LINDA A. CAMRAS 14 Differential Facial Responses to Four Basic Tastes in Newborns 302(26) DIANA ROSENSTEIN, HARRIET OSTER Afterword: Facial Expression as a Window on Sensory Experience and Affect in Newborn Infants 320(1) HARRIET OSTER 15 All Smiles Are Positive, but Some Smiles Are More Positive Than Others 328(26) DANIEL MESSINGER, ALAN FOGEL, K. LAURIE DICKSON Afterword: A Measure of Early Joy? 350(1) DANIEL S. MESSINGER 16 Signal Characteristics of Spontaneous Facial Expressions: Automatic Movement in Solitary and Social Smiles 354(17) KAREN L. SCHMIDT, JEFFREY F. COHN, YINGLI TIAN 17 Automated Face Analysis by Feature Point Tracking Has High Concurrent Validity With Manual FACS Coding 371(22) JEFFREY F. COHN, ADENA J. ZLOCHOWER, JAMES LIEN, TAKEO KANADE Afterword: Automated Analysis of the Configuration and Timing of Facial Expression 388(1) JEFFREY F. COHN 18 Toward Automatic Recognition of Spontaneous Facial Actions 393(34) MARIAN STEWART BARTLETT, JAVIER R. MOVELLAN, GWEN LITTLEWORT, BJONR BRAATHEN, MARK G. FRANK, TERRENCE J. SEJNOWSKI Afterword: The Next Generation of Automatic Facial Expression Measurement 413(1) JAVIER R. MOVELLAN, MARIAN STEWART BARTLETT Part Two Applied Research 427(178) 19 Facial Expression in Affective Disorders 429(12) PAUL EKMAN, DAVID MATSUMOTO, WALLACE V. FRIESEN Afterword: Depression and Expression 440(1) PAUL EKMAN 20 Emotional Experience and Expression in Schizophrenia and Depression 441(18) HOWARD BERENBAUM, THOMAS F. OLTMANNS Afterword: Emotion, Facial Expression, and Psychopathology 456(1) HOWARD BERENBAUM, LAURA NISENSON 21 Interaction Regulations Used by Schizophrenic and Psychosomatic Patients: Studies on Facial Behavior in Dyadic Interactions 459(25) EVELYNE STEIMER-KRAUSE, RAINER KRAUSE, GUNTER WAGNER Afterword: Interaction Regulations Used by Schizophrenic and Psychosomatic Patients 479(1) RAINER KRAUSE 22 Nonverbal Expression of Psychological States in Psychiatric Patients 484(12) HEINER ELLGRING Afterword: Nonverbal Expression of Psychological States in Psychiatric Patients 493(1) HEINER ELLGRING 23 Depression and Suicide Faces 496(16) MICHAEL HELLER, VERONIQUE HAYNAL Afterword: Perspectives for Studies of Psychopathology and Psychotherapy 506(1) MICHAEL HELLER, VERONIQUE HAYNAL 24 Protypical Affective Microsequences in Psychotherapeutic Interaction 512(20) EVA BANNINGER-HUBER Afterword: From PAMS to TRAPS: Investigating Guilt Feelings with FACS 529(1) EVA BANNINGER-HUBER 25 Facial Expressions of Emotion and Psychopathology in Adolescent Boys 532(19) DACHER KELTNER, TERRIE E. MOFFITT, MAGDA STOUTHAMER-LOEBER Afterword: Facial Expression, Personality, and Psychopathology 548(1) DACHER KELTNER 26 Type A Behavior Pattern: Facial Behavior and Speech Components 551(16) MARGARET A. CHESNEY, PAUL EKMAN, WALLACE V. FRIESEN, GEORGE W. BLACK, MICHAEL H. L. HECKER Afterword: Type A and Facial Behavior 565(1) PAUL EKMAN, ERIKA L. ROSENBERG, MARGARET CHESNEY 27 Linkages Between Facial Expressions of Anger and Transient Myocardial Ischemia in Men with Coronary Artery Disease 567(16) ERIKA L. ROSENBERG, PAUL EKMAN, WEI JIANG, MICHAEL BABYAK, R. EDWARD COLEMAN, MICHAEL HANSON, CHRISTOPHER O'CONNOR, ROBERT WAUGH, JAMES A. BLUMENTHAL Afterword: Facial Expression and Emotion in the Study of Heart Disease 580(1) ERIKA L. ROSENBERG 28 Effects of Smoking Opportunity on Cue-Elicited Urge: A Facial Coding Analysis 583(22) MICHAEL A. SAYETTE, JOAN M. WERTZ, CHRISTOPHER S. MARTIN, JEFFREY F. COHN, MICHAEL A PERROTT, JILL HOBEL Afterword: Using FACS to Identify Contextual Factors Influencing Craving 603(1) MICHAEL SAYETTE Conclusion: What We Have Learned by Measuring Facial Behavior: Further Comments and Clarifications 605(22) PAUL EKMAN Index 627