Preface xiii PART ONE RESEARCH BASICS 1(46) Research in Music Education and Music Therapy 3(13) The Value of Research 3(2) Research Publications 5(2) Research Genres 7(1) Understanding Research Genres 8(6) Study and Discussion Questions 14(1) Suggested Activities 15(1) The Research Study 16(14) Who Does Research? 17(2) The Research Article 19(7) Quality of Presentation 26(1) The Trust Factor 27(1) Study and Discussion Questions 28(1) Suggested Activities 29(1) Reading Research: A Commentary 30(17) Research with Typical and Disabled Children 30(15) Judith A. Jellison (2002). ``On-task Participation of Typical Students Close to and Away from Classmates with Disabilities in an Elementary Music Classroom.'' 30(15) Study and Discussion Questions 45(1) Suggested Activities 45(2) PART TWO HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL RESEARCH 47(34) Historical Research 49(17) Purposes and Procedures 49(3) Gathering and Verifying the Evidence 52(2) Interpreting the Evidence and Drawing Conclusions 54(1) Reading Historical Research 54(10) Martha Chrisman Riley (1990). ``Portrait of a Nineteenth-Century School Music Program.'' 55(9) Study and Discussion Questions 64(1) Suggested Activities 65(1) Philosophical Research 66(15) The Purpose of Philosophical Research 66(2) Philosophical Perspectives and Analyses 68(1) The Method of Philosophical Research 69(2) Problems with Philosophical Research 71(1) Reading Philosophical Research: A Commentary 71(8) Estelle Jorgensen (2006). ``Reflections on Futures for Music Education Philosophy.'' 72(7) Study and Discussion Questions 79(1) Suggested Activities 80(1) PART THREE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 81(70) Principles of Qualitative Research 83(20) Characteristics of Qualitative Research 83(2) Modes of Inquiry 85(1) Data Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation 86(2) Reading Qualitative Research: An Ethnography 88(13) Manny Brand (2002). ``An Ethnographic Study of Hong Kong and American Music Education Students.'' 89(12) Study and Discussion Questions 101(1) Suggested Activities 101(2) Critical Reading of Qualitative Research 103(20) General Content Standards 103(1) Specific Content Standards 104(2) Behind the Scenes 106(2) Reading Qualitative Research: A Commentary 108(13) John W. Scheib (2003). ``Role Stress in the Professional Life of the School Music Teacher: A Collective Case Study.'' 108(13) Study and Discussion Questions 121(1) Suggested Activities 122(1) Reflecting On Qualitative Research 123(28) The Thought Process 123(3) Lois Schleuter (1994/1995). ``Qualitative Study of Dialogue: A Thought Process.'' 123(3) Reading Qualitative Research 126(22) Barbara L. Wheeler (2002). ``Experiences and Concerns of Students During Music Therapy Practica.'' 127(21) Study and Discussion Questions 148(1) Suggested Activities 149(2) PART FOUR QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH 151(164) Principles of Quantitative Research 153(18) The Scientific Method 153(2) Nonexperimental Research 155(5) Validity and Reliability 160(2) Experimental Research 162(7) Study and Discussion Questions 169(1) Suggested Activities 170(1) Analysis of the Data 171(20) Basic Statistical Concepts 171(6) Determining Significance Between Means 177(3) Statistical Tests 180(9) Study and Discussion Questions 189(1) Suggested Activities 190(1) Quantitative Research: Descriptive 191(24) Reading Descriptive Research: A Commentary 191(14) Kate Gfeller, Steven K. Hedden, and Alice-Ann Darrow (1990). ``Perceived Effectiveness of Mainstreaming in Iowa and Kansas Schools.'' 191(14) Study and Discussion Questions 205(1) Reading Descriptive Research: Patterns of Instruction 206(8) Cornelia Yarbrough and Harry E. Price (1989). ``Sequential Patterns of Instruction in Music.'' 206(8) Study and Discussion Questions 214(1) Suggested Activities 214(1) Quantitative Research: Experimental 215(42) Reading Experimental Research: A Commentary 215(15) Kenneth H. Phillips and Steven W. Emge (1994). ``Vocal Registration as It Affects Vocal Range for Seventh- and Eighth-Grade Boys.'' 215(15) Study and Discussion Questions 230(1) Reading True-Experimental Research 231(12) Kenneth H. Phillips (1985). ``The Effects of Group Breath-Control Training on the Singing Ability of Elementary Students.'' 231(12) Study and Discussion Questions 243(1) Reading Quasi-Experimental Research 243(12) Karin Harfst Sehmann (2000). ``The Effects of Breath Management Instruction on the Performance of Elementary Brass Players.'' 244(11) Study and Discussion Questions 255(1) Suggested Activities 256(1) Quantitative Research: Clinical 257(28) Studying Behavior in a Clinical Environment 257(1) Reading Clinical Research 258(21) Rebecca L. Engen (2005). ``The Singer's Breath: Implications for Treatment of Persons with Emphysema.'' 258(21) Study and Discussion Questions 279(5) Chris Turner, Bruce Gantz, Mary Lowder, and Kate Gfeller (2005). ``Benefits Seen in Acoustic Hearing + Electric Stimulation in Same Ear.'' 280(4) Study and Discussion Questions 284(1) Suggested Activities 284(1) Mixed Methods Research 285(30) Reading a Mixed-Design Research Study 285(8) Clifford K. Madsen and Steven N. Kelly (2002). ``First Remembrances of Wanting to Become a Music Teacher.'' 285(8) Study and Discussion Questions 293(1) Reading Mixed Research 294(18) Lois Schleuter (1991). ``Student Teachers' Preactive and Postactive Curricular Thinking.'' 294(18) Study and Discussion Questions 312(1) Suggested Activities 313(2) PART FIVE RESEARCH AND THE CLASSROOM 315(30) Action Research 317(15) Action Research Genres 317(2) The Action Research Process 319(11) Colleen M. Conway and James Borst (2001). ``Action Research in Music Education.'' 321(9) Study and Discussion Questions 330(1) Suggested Activities 331(1) Integrating Research and Teaching 332(13) Teaching Based on Research 332(2) Teachers as Researchers 334(9) Ursula Casanova (1989). ``Research and Practice: We Can Integrate Them.'' 334(9) Study and Discussion Questions 343(1) Suggested Activities 343(1) Epilogue 344(1) Appendix A. Contents of the Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning (1992) 345(3) Appendix B. Contents of The New Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning (2002) 348(4) Appendix C. An Annotated Listing of Research Journals in Music Education and Music Therapy 352(4) Glossary 356(7) References 363(4) Index 367