This work adopts an interdisciplinary approach in its study of 20th-century Spanish culture and society, emphasizing contemporary developments. The contributors take into account major recent changes which have taken place in the context of higher education Spanish studies. List of Illustrations xv Notes on Contributors xvii Introduction 1(20) Culture and Modernity: The Case of Spain 1(20) Helen Graham Jo Labanyi PART I: ELITES IN CRISIS 1898--1931 21(74) National Identities 25(15) The Loss of Empire, Regenerationism, and the Forging of a Myth of National Identity 25(7) Sebastian Balfour The Nationalisms of the Periphery: Culture and Politics in the Construction of National Identity 32(8) Enric Ucelay Da Cal Ideological Tensions 40(13) The Social Praxis and Cultural Politics of Spanish Catholicism 40(5) Frances Lannon Education and the Limits of Liberalism 45(8) Jose Alvarez Junco Modernismo and Modernisme 53(10) Literary Modernismo in Castilian: The Creation of a Dissident Cultural Elite 53(2) Chris Perriam Catalan Literary Modernisme and Noucentisme: From Dissidence to Order 55(3) Arthur Terry Catalan Modernista Architecture: Using the Past to Build the Modern 58(5) Emma Dent Coad The Avant-garde 63(19) The Literary Avant-garde: A Contradictory Modernity 63(8) Sue Frenk Chris Perriam Mike Thompson Internationalism and Eclecticism: Surrealism and the Avant-garde in Painting and Film 1920--1930 71(8) Dawn Ades The Musical Avant-garde: Modernity and Tradition 79(3) Julian White Popular Culture 82(13) Rural and Urban Popular Cultures 82(8) Jose Alvarez Junco The Cuple: Modernity and Mass Culture 90(5) Serge Salaun PART II: THE FAILURE OF DEMOCRATIC MODERNIZATION 1931--1939 95(72) Sexual Politics 99(25) Women and Social Change 99(17) Helen Graham Beyond Tradition and 'Modernity': The Cultural and Sexual Politics of Spanish Anarchism 116(8) Richard Cleminson Intellectuals and Power 124(15) Reform Idealized: The Intellectual and Ideological Origins of the Second Republic 124(9) Enrique Montero The Republican State and Mass Educational-Cultural Initiatives 1931-1936 133(6) Christopher Cobb Monolithicity versus Pluralism: Political Debates 139(13) The Political Debate within Catholicism 139(5) Frances Lannon Catalan Nationalism: Cultural Plurality and Political Ambiguity 144(8) Enric Ucelay Da Cal The Cultural Politics of the Civil War 152(15) The Republican and Nationalist Wartime Cultural Apparatus 152(9) Alicia Alted Propaganda Art: Culture by the People or for the People? 161(6) Jo Labanyi PART III: AUTHORITARIAN MODERNIZATION 1940--1975 167(2) Section 1. Building the State and the Practice of Power 1940--1959 169(88) The Material Reality of State Power 173(23) `Terror and Progress': Industrialization, Modernity, and the Making of Francoism 173(9) Mike Richards Gender and the State: Women in the 1940s 182(14) Helen Graham Cultural Control 196(19) Education and Political Control 196(5) Alicia Alted The Moving Image of the Franco Regime: Noticiarios y Documentales 1943-1975 201(3) Sheelagh Ellwood The Ideology and Practice of Sport 204(3) John London Censorship or the Fear of Mass Culture 207(8) Jo Labanyi Cultural Nationalism 215(14) Cifesa: Cinema and Authoritarian Aesthetics 215(8) Peter Evans Constructing the Nation: Francoist Architecture 223(2) Emma Dent Coad Music and the Limits of Cultural Nationalism 225(4) Julian White Resisting the State 229(28) The Urban and Rural Guerrilla of the 1940s 229(8) Paul Preston Popular Culture in the 'Years of Hunger' 237(8) Helen Graham The Emergence of a Dissident Intelligentsia 245(12) Barry Jordan Section 2. Developmentalism, Mass Culture, and Consumerism 1960--1975 257(54) Adapting to Social Change 259(24) Social and Economic Change in a Climate of Political Immobilism 259(12) Borja De Riquer I Permanyer Educational Policy in a Changing Society 271(5) Alicia Alted Catholicism and Social Change 276(7) Frances Lannon Opposition Culture 283(12) The Left and the Legacy of Francoism: Political Culture in Opposition and Transition 283(8) Elias Diaz The Politics of Popular Music: On the Dynamics of New Song 291(4) Catherine Boyle Artistic Experiment and Diversification 295(16) Literary Experiment and Cultural Cannibalization 295(4) Jo Labanyi Painting and Sculpture: The Rejection of High Art 299(5) Emma Dent Coad Cinema, Memory, and the Unconscious 304(7) Peter Evans PART IV: DEMOCRACY AND EUROPEANIZATION: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE 1975--1992 311(108) Democracy and Cultural Change 315(17) Political Transition and Cultural Democracy: Coping with the Speed of Change 315(5) Rosa Montero Educational Policy in Democratic Spain 320(6) Alicia Alted Back to the Future: Cinema and Democracy 326(6) Peter Evans Regional Autonomy and Cultural Policy 332(24) Some Perspectives on the Nation-State and Autonomies in Spain 332(4) Antonio Elorza The Politics of Language: Spain's Minority Languages 336(6) Clare Mar-Molinero Becoming Normal: Cultural Production and Cultural Policy in Catalonia 342(4) Josep-Anton Fernandez Negotiating Galician Cultural Identity 346(5) Xelis De Toro Santos The Promotion of Cultural Production in Basque 351(5) Jesus Maria Lasagabaster The State, Enterprise Culture, and the Arts 356(25) The Mass Media: A Problematic Modernization 356(5) Enrique Bustamante Redefining the Public Interest: Television in Spain Today 361(8) Barry Jordan The Film Industry: Under Pressure from the State and Television 369(4) Augusto M. Torres Artistic Patronage and Enterprise Culture 373(3) Emma Dent Coad Designer Culture in the 1980s: The Price of Success 376(5) Emma Dent Coad Gender and Sexuality 381(15) The Silent Revolution: The Social and Cultural Advances of Women in Democratic Spain 381(5) Rosa Montero Work, Women, and the Family: A Critical Perspective 386(7) Anny Brooksbank Jones Gay and Lesbian Culture 393(3) Chris Perriam Conclusion: Modernity and Cultural Pluralism 396(23) Postmodernism and the Problem of Cultural Identity 396(10) Jo Labanyi The Politics of 1992 406(13) Helen Graham Antonio Sanchez Glossary 419(7) Chronology 426(17) Index 443