This text discusses the successes and failures of constitutional design. Chapters analyze the effect of presidential and parliamentary systems, federalism and autonomy, and electoral systems. The book concludes with case studies of Fiji, Ireland, Eritrea, Indonesia, Nigeria, and India. List of Figures xiii List of Tables xiv Contributors xvi Introduction: Institutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy 1(14) Katharine Belmont Scott Mainwaring Andrew Reynolds I Institutional Design in Divided Societies: An Overview Constitutional Design: Proposals versus Processes 15(22) Donald L. Horowitz The Wave of Power-Sharing Democracy 37(18) Arend Lijphart Institutions and Coalition-Building in Post-Communist Transitions 55(26) Olga Shvetsova II Presidentialism, Federalism and Decentralization, and Electoral Systems Presidents, Parliaments, and Democracy: Insights from the Post-Communist World 81(23) Timothy Frye Presidentialism and Democratic Performance 104(37) Jose Antonio Cheibub Constitutional Asymmetries: Communal Representation, Federalism, and Cultural Autonomy 141(30) Yash Pal Ghai Federalism and State-Building: Post-Communist and Post-Colonial Perspectives 171(35) Steven L. Solnick Ballots Not Bullets: Testing Consociational Theories of Ethnic Conflict, Electoral Systems, and Democratization 206(42) Pippa Norris Designing Electoral Rules and Waiting for an Electoral System to Evolve 248(19) Rein Taagepera III Country Studies Constitutional Engineering in Post-Coup Fiji 267(26) Brij V. Lal The Belfast Agreement and the British-Irish Agreement: Consociation, Confederal Institutions, a Federacy, and a Peace Process 293(64) Brendan O'Leary The Eritrean Experience in Constitution Making: The Dialectic of Process and Substance 357(16) Bereket Habte Selassie Indonesia's Democratic Transition: Playing by the Rules 373(27) R. William Liddle Institutional Design, Ethnic Conflict Management, and Democracy in Nigeria 400(29) Rotimi T. Suberu Larry Diamond Ethnic Diversities, Constitutional Designs, and Public Policies in India 429(30) David Stuligross Ashutosh Varshney References 459(30) Index 489