Fifty Key Thinkers on the Environment is a unique guide to environmental thinking through the ages. Lucid, scholarly and informative, these fifty essays offer a fascinating overview of mankind’s view and understanding of the physical world. Alphabetical list of contents viii Notes on contributors x Preface xiii Buddha, fifth century BCE 1(6) Purushottama Bilimoria Chuang Tzu, fourth century BCE 7(5) David E. Cooper Aristotle, 384-322 BCE 12(5) David E. Cooper Virgil, 70-19 BCE 17(5) Philip R. Hardie Saint Francis of Assisi, 1181/2-1226 22(5) Andrew Linzey Ara Barsam Wang Yang-ming, 1472-1528 27(6) T. Yamauchi Michel de Montaigne, 1533-92 33(5) Ann Moss Francis Bacon, 1561-1626 38(6) Paul S. MacDonald Benedict Spinoza, 1632-77 44(7) Paul S. MacDonald Basho, 1644-94 51(5) David J. Mossley Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1712-78 56(7) Paul S. MacDonald Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749-1832 63(6) Colin Riordan Thomas Robert Malthus, 1766-1834 69(5) John I. Clarke William Wordsworth, 1770-1850 74(9) W. John Coletta John Clare, 1793-1864 83(10) W. John Coletta Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803-82 93(7) Holmes Rolston III Charles Darwin, 1809-82 100(6) Janet Browne Henry David Thoreau, 1817-62 106(7) Laura Dassow Walls Karl Marx, 1818-83 113(5) Richard Smith John Ruskin, 1819-1900 118(4) Richard Smith Frederick Law Olmsted, 1822-1903 122(9) R. Terry Schnadelbach John Muir, 1838-1914 131(5) Peter Blaze Corcoran Anna Botsford Comstock, 1854-1930 136(7) Peter Blaze Corcoran Rabindranath Tagore, 1861-1941 143(4) Kalyan Sen Gupta Black Elk, 1862-1950 147(7) J. Baird Callicott Frank Lloyd Wright, 1867-1959 154(6) Robert McCarter Mahatma Gandhi, 1869-1948 160(7) Purushottama Bilimoria Albert Schweitzer, 1875-1965 167(7) Ara Barsam Andrew Linzey Aldo Leopold, 1887-1948 174(7) J. Baird Callicott Robinson Jeffers, 1887-1962 181(8) Michael McDowell Martin Heidegger, 1889-1976 189(5) Simon P. James Rachel Carson, 1907-64 194(6) Peter Blaze Corcoran Lynn White, Jr, 1907-87 200(5) Michael P. Nelson E.F. Schumacher, 1911-77 205(6) Satish Kumar Arne Naess, 1912- 211(5) David E. Cooper John Passmore, 1914- 216(5) David E. Cooper James Lovelock, 1919- 221(7) Michael Allaby Ian McHarg, 1920- 228(13) R. Terry Schnadelbach Murray Bookchin, 1921- 241(5) John Barry Edward Osborne Wilson, 1929- 246(6) Phillip J. Gates Paul Ehrlich, 1932- 252(8) Ian G. Simmons Holmes Rolston III, 1932- 260(9) Jack Weir Rudolf Bahro, 1935-97 269(5) John Barry Gro Harlem Brundtland, 1939- 274(9) Joy A. Palmer Val Plumwood, 1939- 283(7) Nicholas Griffin J. Baird Callicott, 1941- 290(6) Michael P. Nelson Susan Griffin, 1943- 296(6) Cheryll Glotfelty Chico Mendes, 1944-88 302(5) Joy A. Palmer Peter Singer, 1946- 307(6) Paula Casal Vandana Shiva, 1952- 313 Lynette J. Dumble