"Racism" provides an illuminating general overview of the history and debate surrounding the concept of racism. Its objective is to argue that the concept should retain a central place in the analysis of both the historical development and contemporary structure of capitalist societies. This new edition brilliantly examines the war in the former Yugoslavia, the cases of Stephen Lawrence and Rodney King, and the recent wave of Islamophobia. This is intelligent and insightful reading for anyone with an interest in the study and evolution of racism in today's world. This second edition brings the book up to date by looking at recent examples of racism, such as the war in the former Yugoslavia, the cases of Stephen Lawrence and Rodney King, and Islamophobia in Western societies. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii PART I Situating racism 1(54) Introduction 3(16) The racism paradigm 4(3) Racism as ideology 7(3) Racism as a moral question 10(5) Racism as a political question 15(2) Conclusion 17(2) 1 Representations of the Other 19(36) Introduction 19(3) Before European expansion 22(4) Europe and the Muslim world 26(4) From anti-Judaism to antisemitism 30(2) European expansion and colonisation 32(7) The significance of science 39(5) Science and 'race' today 44(6) Conclusion 50(5) PART II Conceptualising racism 55(60) 2 The unity of racism: a critique of conceptual inflation 57(16) Introduction 57(1) The concept of racism 58(3) The new racism 61(3) Beyond the new racism? 64(2) Institutional racism 66(5) Conclusion 71(2) 3 The diversity of racism: a critique of conceptual deflation 73(14) Introduction 73(1) 'White' racism 73(7) Science, ideology and doctrine 80(4) The dialectic of Self and Other 84(2) Conclusion 86(1) 4 On signification 87(28) Introduction 87(1) 'Race' 88(4) Ethnicity 92(4) Ethnicisation 96(3) Racialisation 99(4) Racism 103(6) Institutional racism 109(3) Conclusion 112(3) PART III Contextualising racism 115(54) 5 Racism and class relations 117(25) Introduction 117(1) Slavery 118(3) Colonialism and unfree labour 121(9) Capitalism and class relations 130(7) Conclusion 137(5) 6 Racism, the nation state and globalisation 142(27) Introduction 142(1) Capitalism and the nation state 143(2) Racism, the nation state and the rise of capitalism 145(5) Racism, the nation state and settler capitalism 150(7) Racism, sexism and the nation state 157(3) Globalisation and the nation state 160(8) Conclusion 168(1) Conclusion 169(4) FURTHER READING 173(3) BIBLIOGRAPHY 176(18) INDEX 194