This book covers the various aspects of weapons integration viewpoint. Tackling all the fundamental issues including the use of GPS to extend the effectiveness of older airframes, the book also covers interoperability within NATO countries, and the challenge of the design of autonomous platforms carrying weapons integrators. This book covers the various aspects of weapons integration viewpoint. Tackling all the fundamental issues including the use of GPS to extend the effectiveness of older airframes, the book also covers interoperability within NATO countries, and the challenge of the design of autonomous platforms carrying weapons integrators. Preface Chapter 1 – Introduction to Weapons Integration 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Chapter Summaries 1.2.1 The Systems Integration Process 1.2.2 Stores Management System Design 1.2.3 The Global Positioning System 1.2.4 Weapon Initialisation and Targeting 1.2.5 The Role of Standardisation in Weapons Integration 1.2.6 Interface Management 1.2.7 A Weapons Integration Scenario 1.2.8 ‘Plug and Play’ Weapons Integration 1.2.9 Weaponised Unmanned Air Systems 1.2.10 Reducing the Cost of Weapons Integration 1.3 Weapons 1.3.1 Types of Weapon 1.3.2 Targets 1.3.3 Weapon Requirements 1.3.4 Lethality 1.3.4.1 Warheads 1.3.4.2 Fuzes 1.3.5 Precision 1.3.5.1 Sensors 1.3.5.2 Control Systems 1.3.6 Stand-off Range 1.3.7 Typical Weapon Configurations 1.3.8 Implications for the Launch Aircraft 1.4 Carriage Systems 1.4.1 Mechanical Attachments 1.4.2 Downward Ejection 1.4.3 Forward Firing 1.4.4 Multi-weapon Carriage Systems 1.5 Further Reading Chapter 2 - An Introduction to the Integration Process 2.1 Chapter Summary 2.2 Introduction 2.3 The V-Diagram 2.4 Responsibilities 2.5 Safety 2.6 The Use of Requirements Management Tools in the Systems Engineering Process 2.7 Weapons Integration Requirements Capture 2.8 The Need for Unambiguous, Clear, and Appropriate Requirements 2.9 Minimising Requirements 2.10 Further Reading Chapter 3 - Requirements Analysis and Partitioning Implementation in Aircraft Subsystems 3.1 Chapter Summary 3.2 Introduction 3.3 System Architecture 3.4 Requirements Decomposition 3.5 Requirements Partitioning 3.6 Subsystem Implementation 3.7 Maturity Reviews 3.8 Right-hand Side of the V-Diagram 3.9 Proving Methods 3.10 Integration 3.11 Verification 3.12 Validation 3.13 The Safety Case and Certification 3.14 Further Reading Chapter 4 – Armament Control System and Global Positioning System Design Issues 4.1 Chapter Summary 4.2 Stores Management System Design 4.2.1 SMS System Design Requirements 4.2.2 Other System Components 4.2.2.1 Armament Power Supplies 4.2.2.2 Master Armament Safety Switch 4.2.2.3 Cockpit Controls 4.2.2.4 Suspension & Release Equipment 4.2.3 Typical System Architectures 4.2.4 Training System 4.3 GPS: Aircraft System Design Issues 4.3.1 GPS Overview 4.3.1.1 An Introduction to the GPS System 4.3.1.2 Carrier Modulation 4.3.1.3 Standards of Service 4.3.1.4 Satellite Acquisition 4.3.1.5 C/A Code Acquisition 4.3.1.6 C/A – P(Y) Hand-over 4.3.1.7 Direct P(Y) Code Acquisition 4.3.1.8 Direct M- Code Acquisition 4.3.2 Satellite Acquisition Concepts 4.3.3 Acquisition Strategies 4.3.4 GPS Signal Distribution 4.3.4.1 Receiver Requirements 4.3.4.2 Typical Cable Losses 4.3.4.3 Problems 4.3.5 Aircraft Requirements 4.3.5.1 Appendix A to MIL-STD-1760 4.3.5.2 Aircraft RF Routing Requirements 4.3.5.3 Aiding Data 4.3.6 Aircraft Implementation Concepts 4.3.6.1 Satellite Acquisition Post-launch (No Pre-launch Aiding) 4.3.6.2 Satellite Acquisition Post-launch (With Pre-launch Aiding) 4.3.6.3 Satellite Acquisition Using RF Only Pre-launch 4.3.6.4 Satellite Acquisition Using RF Plus Aiding Data Pre-launch 4.3.6.5 The Use of Critical Timing Pulses 4.3.7 Cost of Complexity 4.4 Further Reading Chapter 5 – Weapon Initialisation and Targeting 5.1 Chapter Summary 5.2 Targeting 5.3 Aiming of Ballistic Bombs 5.4 Aircraft / Weapon Alignment 5.5 Aiming of Smart Air-to-Ground Weapons 5.6 Air-to-Air Missiles 5.6.1 Sensors 5.6.2 Engagement Modes 5.6.3 Air-to-Air Weapons training 5.7 Further Reading Chapter 6 – Weapon Interface Standards 6.1 Chapter Summary 6.2 Benefits of Standardisation 6.3 MIL-STD-1760 AEIS 6.3.1 MIL-STD-1760 Interface Points 6.3.2 Connectors 6.3.3 Signal Sets 6.3.4 GPS RF Signal Distribution 6.3.5 Data Protocols 6.3.6 Data Entities 6.3.7 Time Tagging 6.3.8 Mass Data Transfer 6.3.9 High-speed 1760 6.4 Standardisation Conclusions 6.5 Further Reading Chapter 7 – Other Weapons Integration Standards 7.1 Chapter Summary 7.2 AS5725 Miniature Mission Store interface 7.2.1 Interface Points 7.2.2 Connector 7.2.3 Signal Set 7.3 AS5726 Interface for Micro Munitions 7.3.1 Interface Points 7.3.2 Connectors 7.3.3 Signal Set 7.4 Other Weapons Integration Standards 7.4.1 Generic Aircraft – Store Interface Framework 7.4.2 Mission Data Exchange Format 7.4.3 Common Launch Acceptability Region Approach 7.5 Further Reading Chapter 8 – Interface Management 8.1 Chapter Summary 8.2 Introduction 8.3 Management of the Aircraft / Store Interface 8.4 Approaches to Interface Documentation 8.5 Interfaces Documented in the ICD 8.6 Controlling the Interface of Store Variants 8.7 Information Exchange between Design Organisations 8.8 Process for Managing Integration Risk 8.9 Further Reading Chapter 9 – A Weapons Integration Scenario 9.1 Chapter Summary 9.2 Introduction 9.3 The Weapons Integration Scenario 9.4 The V-Diagram Re-visited 9.5 Systems Integration Activities 9.6 Safety 9.6.1 Aircraft / System Hazards 9.6.1.1 Extended application of power to weapon 9.6.1.2 Incorrect transmission of store type or store presence to Flight Control System 9.6.1.3 Crew release weapon below a safe height 9.6.1.4 Weapons released at less than safe minimum interval 9.6.1.5 Armed stores present on aircraft when not required 9.6.2 Weapon Hazards 9.7 Systems Requirements Decomposition, Design and Implementation 9.7.1 Weapon System Integration Requirement 9.7.2 Functional Definition and Development / Interface Definition 9.7.3 Weapon Interfacing 9.7.4 Data Flows between Aircraft Subsystems 9.8 Loading to Dispersion Sequence 9.8.1 Weapon Loading 9.8.2 System Power-up / Store Discovery 9.8.3 Build Inventory 9.8.4 Weapon BIT / System Power-down 9.8.5 Download Target Data / Power-down Weapons 9.8.6 Taxi / Take-off / On-route Phase 9.8.7 Weapon Selection & Priming 9.8.8 Update Target Data 9.8.9 Steer to Target LAR / Confirm In LAR 9.8.10 Initiate Release Sequence 9.8.11 Weapon Release Phase 9.8.11.1 Weapon Release Sequencing 9.8.11.2 Weapon Separation 9.8.11.3 Bomb Ballistics 9.8.12 Selective / Emergency Jettison 9.8.13 Carriage Store Control 9.8.14 Training Capability 9.8.15 Implications of Aeromechanical Aspects – Weapon Physical Alignment 9.9 Further Reading Chapter 10 – A Weapons Integration Scenario: System Proving & Certification 10.1 Chapter Summary 10.2 Introduction 10.3 Simulators and Emulators 10.4 Avionic Weapons 10.5 Interface Proving 10.6 Rig Trials. 10.7 Avionic Trials 10.8 Electromagnetic Compatibility 10.9 Airworthiness and Certification 10.10 Declaration of Design & Performance / Statement of Design 10.11 Certificate of Design 10.12 Safety Case 10.13 Airworthiness Flight Limitations 10.14 Release To Service 10.15 User Documentation 10.16 Weapon System Evaluation 10.17 Conclusion 10.18 Further Reading Chapter 11 – Introduction to ‘Plug and Play’ Weapons Integration 11.1 Chapter Summary 11.2 Systems Integration Considerations 11.3 The Journey to ‘Plug and Play’ Weapons Integration 11.4  ‘Plug and Play’ Technologies 11.5 Adoption of ‘Plug and Play’ Technology 11.6 Introduction to Aircraft, Launcher & Weapons Interoperability 11.7 ALWI Study 11.8 ALWI-2 Study 11.9 ALWI Common Interface Study 11.9.1 Technical Architecture 11.9.2 Greater Interoperability through a Common ICD Approach 11.9.3 Common Store Control Service 11.9.4 Model Driven Architecture Approach 11.9.5 Implementation Considerations 11.10 ALWI Conclusions 11.11 Further Reading Chapter 12 – Open Systems 12.1 Chapter Summary 12.2 Introduction 12.3 The Contracting & Industry Environment 12.4 Current Systems 12.5 A Typical Mission Systems Upgrade Programme 12.6 ASAAC Architecture 12.7 ASSAC & ‘Plug and Play’ 12.8 Certification Issues 12.9 Easing the Upgrade Programme 12.10 Further Reading Chapter 13 – The Universal Armament Interface 13.1 Chapter Summary 13.2 Introduction 13.3 Objectives of UAI 13.4 Fundamental Principles of UAI 13.5 Platform / Store Interface 13.6 Mission Planning 13.7 Launch Acceptability Region 13.8 Integration Work Flow 13.9 UAI Interface Management 13.10 Certification Tools 13.11 Benefits 13.12 NATO UAI 13.13 ‘Plug and Play’ Conclusions 13.14 Further Reading Chapter 14 – Weaponised Unmanned Air Systems 14.1 Chapter Summary 14.2 Introduction 14.3 Distributed Weapon System 14.4 System Architecture Partitioning 14.5 Conclusions 14.6 Further Reading Chapter 15 – Reducing the Cost of Weapons Integration 15.1 Chapter Summary 15.2 Introduction 15.3 The Cost Landscape 15.4 Reducing the Cost of Weapons Integration – Other Initiatives 15.5 Conclusions 15.6 The Future 15.7 Further Reading Acknowledgements Index