Exploration of the emergence of modern Japan. 8 maps This 2003 book offers a distinctive and penetrating overview of the internal and external forces responsible for the making of modern Japan. Louis Cullen takes an unusually broad approach that combines economic, social, and political approaches and which breaks with traditional Western historiography to provide an entirely new history of Japan. List of maps viii Preface ix Conventions xv List of abbreviations xvii 1 Introduction: Japan's internal and external worlds, 1582-1941 1(17) 2 Japan and its Chinese and European worlds, 1582-1689 18(45) 3 The Japanese economy, 1688-1789 63(32) 4 An age of stability: Japan's internal world, 1709-1783, in perspective 95(40) 5 Prosperity amid crises, 1789-1853 135(40) 6 Sakoku under pressure: the gaiatsu of the 1850's and 186's 175(30) 7 Fashioning a state and a foreign policy: Japan 1868-1919 205(34) 8 From peace (Versailles 1919) to war (Pearl Harbor 1941) 239(54) Tokugawa shoguns 293(1) Main regnal periods 294(1) Glossary 295(7) Introduction to bibliography 302(19) Bibliography 321(25) Index 346