Subtitled, }Disability, Nationality, Species Membership{ Taking up three urgent problems of social justice—those with physical and mental disabilities, all citizens of the world, and nonhuman animals—neglected by current theories and thus harder to tackle in practical terms, Martha Nussbaum seeks a theory of social justice that can guide us to a richer, more responsive approach to social cooperation. Abbreviations xv Introduction 1(8) Social Contracts and Three Unsolved Problems of Justice 9(87) The State of Nature 9(5) Three Unsolved Problems 14(8) Rawls and the Unsolved Problems 22(3) Free, Equal, and Independent 25(10) Grotius, Hobbes, Locke, Hume, Kant 35(19) Three Forms of Contemporary Contractarianism 54(15) The Capabilities Approach 69(12) Capabilities and Contractarianism 81(11) In Search of Global Justice 92(4) Disabilities and the Social Contract 96(59) Needs for Care, Problems of Justice 96(7) Prudential and Moral Versions of the Contract; Public and Private 103(4) Rawls's Kantian Contractarianism: Primary Goods, Kantian Personhood, Rough Equality, Mutual Advantage 107(1) Postponing the Question of Disability 108(19) Kantian Personhood and Mental Impairment 127(13) Care and Disability: Kittay and Sen 140(5) Reconstructing Contractarianism? 145(10) Capabilities and Disabilities 155(69) The Capabilities Approach: A Noncontractarian Account of Care 155(1) The Bases of Social Cooperation 156(3) Dignity: Aristotelian, not Kantian 159(1) The Priority of the Good, the Role of Agreement 160(4) Why Capabilities? 164(4) Care and the Capabilities List 168(3) Capability or Functioning? 171(2) The Charge of Intuitionism 173(3) The Capabilities Approach and Rawls's Principles of Justice 176(3) Types and Levels of Dignity: The Species Norm 179(16) Public Policy: The Question of Guardianship 195(4) Public Policy: Education and Inclusion 199(12) Public Policy: The Work of Care 211(5) Liberalism and Human Capabilities 216(8) Mutual Advantage and Global Inequality: The Transnational Social Contract 224(49) A World of Inequalities 224(6) A Theory of Justice: The Two-Stage Contract Introduced 230(8) The Law of Peoples: The Two-Stage Contract Reaffirmed and Modified 238(17) Justification and Implementation 255(7) Assessing the Two-Stage Contract 262(2) The Global Contract: Beitz and Pogge 264(6) Prospects for an International Contractrarianism 270(3) Capabilities across National Boundaries 273(52) Social Cooperation: The Priority of Entitlements 273(8) Why Capabilities? 281(3) Capabilities and Rights 284(7) Equality and Adequacy 291(4) Pluralism and Toleration 295(3) An International ``Overlapping Consensus''? 298(8) Globalizing the Capabilities Approach: The Role of Institutions 306(5) Globalizing the Capabilities Approach: What Institutions? 311(4) Ten Principles for the Global Structure 315(10) Beyond ``Compassion and Humanity'': Justice for Nonhuman Animals 325(83) ``Beings Entitled to Dignified Existence'' 325(3) Kantian Social Contract Views: Indirect Duties, Duties of Compassion 328(10) Utilitarianism and Animal Flourishing 338(8) Types of Dignity, Types of Flourishing: Extending the Capabilities Approach 346(6) Methodology: Theory and Imagination 352(5) Species and Individual 357(9) Evaluating Animal Capabilities: No Nature Worship 366(6) Positive and Negative, Capability and Functioning 372(8) Equality and Adequacy 380(4) Death and Harm 384(4) An Overlapping Consensus? 388(4) Toward Basic Political Principles: The Capabilities List 392(9) The Ineliminability of Conflict 401(4) Toward a Truly Global Justice 405(3) The Moral Sentiments and the Capabilities Approach 408(9) Notes 417(34) References 451(12) Index 463