A guide to creative writing examines diverse facets of writing technique, and contains analyses of works by writers from Homer to Mark Twai This classic guide, from the renowned novelist and professor, has helped transform generations of aspiring writers into masterful writers-and will continue to do so for many years to come. John Gardner was almost as famous as a teacher of creative writing as he was for his own works. In this practical, instructive handbook, based on the courses and seminars that he gave, he explains, simply and cogently, the principles and techniques of good writing. Gardner's lessons, exemplified with detailed excerpts from classic works of literature, sweep across a complete range of topics-from the nature of aesthetics to the shape of a refined sentence. Written with passion, precision, and a deep respect for the art of writing, Gardner's book serves by turns as a critic, mentor, and friend. Anyone who has ever thought of taking the step from reader to writer should begin here. Preface ix PART I Notes on Literary-Aesthetic Theory 3(94) 1 Aesthetic Law and Artistic Mystery 3(14) 2 Basic Skills, Genre, and Fiction as Dream 17(22) 3 Interest and Truth 39(43) 4 Metafiction, Deconstruction, and Jazzing Around 82(15) PART II Notes on the Fictional Process 97(98) 5 Common Errors 97(28) 6 Technique 125(40) 7 Plotting 165(30) Exercises 195(12) Index 207