This book encompasses Scottish history in the sixteenth century, from James IV's accession to Mary, Queen of Scots' execution, focusing in particular on Scottish political life from local, regional, and central perspectives. This book encompasses the long sixteenth century, starting with James IV's accession and concluding with Mary, Queen of Scots' execution. At its heart is Scottish political life viewed from local and regional perspectives as well as the centre. Analytical Table of Contents vii Maps, Tables and Illustrations xii Preface xv General Editor's Preface xvii Introduction The Kingdom of the Scots 1(30) PART ONE: `GLORE OF ALL PRINCELY GOVERNING' The Princely King: James IV (1488--94) 31(19) The Thistle and the Rose: James IV (1495--1504) 50(16) Strutting the European Stage: James IV (1503--13) 66(23) PART TWO: RENAISSANCE MONARCHY TRIUMPHANT The Survival of Renaissance Monarchy: James V's Minority (1513--28) 89(26) Courts and Clergy: James V (1528--37) 115(20) Imperious Majesty: James V (1537--42) 135(20) PART THREE: THE BATTLE FOR BRITAIN Wars for Britain (1543--51) 155(21) Franco-Scotland (1550--60) 176(24) Reformation by the Sword (1555--61) 200(16) Reformation by the Word (1560--88) 216 The Thistle and the Rose: James IV (1495--1504) 50(16) The warrior leader 50(1) Perkin Warbeck and war with England 51(2) Strengthening domestic control 53(1) Ecclesiastical and educational reform 53(3) Exploiting crown lands 56(2) The Danish and English alliances 58(2) Wedding celebrations 60(6) Strutting the European Stage: James IV (1503--13) 66(23) Increasing control over the church 66(4) A national church 70(1) Rebellion in the Western Highlands and Islands 71(3) Executing the law and consulting the realm 74(1) James' guns and ships 75(2) The power of display 77(5) Choosing the auld alliance 82(1) The Flodden campaign 83(2) The warrior king's legacy 85(4) PART TWO: RENAISSANCE MONARCHY TRIUMPHANT The survival of Renaissance Monarchy: James V's Minority (1513--28) 89(26) The aftermath of Flodden 89(3) The primate of Scotland 92(1) The struggle for the regency 93(2) Regent Albany 95(3) Sliding into factionalism 98(9) The struggle for control over king and country 107(2) Douglas rule 109(4) James' escape 113(2) Courts and Clergy: James V (1528--37) 115(20) Pushing the minority into the past 115(1) The arrival of a confessional frontier 116(1) A lively Renaissance court 117(5) `Jeddart justice' 122(1) No easy path to integration 123(2) The College of Justice 125(3) The Fife circle of royal servants 128(1) Ecclesiastical wrangles 129(1) Royal appointees and the church--crown hybrid 129(2) French brides 131(4) Imperious Majesty: James V (1537--42) 135(20) Imperial display 135(2) Managing the royal finances 137(2) Career courtiers 139(2) Trials and executions 141(2) The anti-heresy drive 143(2) The circumnavigation of the realm 145(3) Triangular relations: Scotland, England and France 148(3) Renaissance monarchy triumphant 151(4) PART THREE: THE BATTLE FOR BRITAIN Wars for Britain (1543--51) 155(21) Arran as sole governor 156(2) Arran's `godly fit' 158(2) Changing alliances and alignments 160(2) Fire and sword 162(2) George Wishart's preaching tour and death 164(2) Cardinal Beaton's assassination 166(1) The siege of St Andrews Castle 167(2) Somerset's Scottish strategy 169(3) Winners and losers in the wars for Britain 172(4) Franco-Scotland (1550--60) 176(24) Mary of Guise's visit to France, 1550--1 177(2) Franco-Britain versus Anglo-Imperial Britain 179(5) Stepping outside the Catholic church 184(1) Obstacles to ecclesiastical reform 185(3) The establishment of `privy kirks' 188(1) The regent's view of justice 189(5) The new Protestant leadership 194(2) The wedding of Mary, Queen of Scots 196(4) Reformation by the Sword (1555--61) 200(16) The grand Franco-British strategy 200(2) The end of religious conciliation 202(2) The Wars of the Congregation 204(4) International intervention 208(4) The Protestant triumph 212(4) Reformation by the Word (1560--88) 216(27) The territorial parish system 216(2) Kirk discipline 218(2) Protestant clergy 220(4) Conformity to the `Word' 224(7) Doctrinal uniformity and identity 231(3) Protestant affective piety 234(1) Civil values 235(1) Changing boundaries between the sacred and profane 236(1) The Battle for Britain 237(6) PART FOUR: RE-FORMING THE KINGDOM `The Empire of a Woman': Mary, Queen of Scots (1561--7) 243(21) Constructing Mary's government 244(1) A Protestant Anglophile regime 245(2) Crushing the Gordons 247(2) The gracious queen 249(1) Financial concerns 250(2) The English succession and Mary's second marriage 252(2) The `Chase--about Raid' 254(1) Mary's policy switches 255(2) The birth of Prince James 257(2) Darnley's murder 259(2) Mary's downfall 261(1) Mary's personal reign 262(2) Civil Wars (1567--73) 264(19) Mary's abdication 265(2) Moray's regency 267(3) The assassination of Regent Moray 270(2) The year 1570: annus horribilis 272(2) An alternative government in the regions 274(1) The fall of Dumbarton Castle 275(2) The battle for Edinburgh 277(2) The ending of the civil wars 279(2) Anarchy avoided 281(2) The Last Douglas Ascendancy (1573--8) 283(19) Morton's traditional style of governance 284(2) Dealing with `masterless men' 286(2) Regency display 288(3) Financial pressures 291(1) The demise of the church--crown hybrid and clashes with the kirk 292(1) Beyond Douglas control 293(2) The reform of the universities 295(1) Morton's regional powerbases 296(2) The feud with Argyll 298(1) Loyal friend to England 299(1) Morton's fall from power 300(2) James' Long Apprenticeship: (1578--87) 302(24) Leaving the schoolroom 302(4) The rise of the Chamber 306(1) Clashes with the kirk 307(3) The Ruthven Raid 310(2) The Arran regime 312(2) Another step towards independent rule 314(2) The great test: Mary, Queen of Scots' execution 316(3) A fresh start 319(4) The lessons of apprenticeship 323(3) Conclusion Scotland Re-formed 326(21) Timothy Pont's Scotland 326(4) Re-forming the kingdom 330(2) The nature of governance 332(3) From justice to law 335(3) Religious life 338(3) Integration 341(3) Scotland and Europe 344(3) Table of Events 347(9) Guide to Further Reading 356(5) Select Bibliography 361(14) Index 375