Introduction: Heresy and Authority in Medieval Europe 1(13) I ``THE HERETICS OF OLD'': THE DEFINITION OF ORTHODOXY AND HERESY IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES 13(44) Tertullian: An Injunction against Heretics 29(3) St. Augustine: On Manichaeism 32(6) Theodoret: The Rise of Arianism 38(3) Theodoret: Arius's Letter to Eusebius of Nicomedia 41(1) The Creed of Nicaea (325) and Constantinople (381) 41(1) Compelle Intrare: The Coercion of Heretics in the Theodosian Code, 438 42(5) St. Isidore of Seville: On the Church and the Sects 47(3) Alcuin: Against the Adoptionist Heresy of Felix 50(7) II THE PROBLEM OF REFORM, DISSENT, AND HERESY IN THE ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH CENTURIES 57(46) Paul of St. Pere de Chartres: Heretics at Orleans, 1022 66(6) Guibert of Nogent: Heretics at Soissons, 1114 72(3) William the Monk: The Debate with Henry of Le Mans 75(3) Otto of Freising: Arnold of Brescia in Rome, 1148-55 78(2) Peter Abelard at the Council of Soissons, 1121: The Historia Calamittatum 80(7) St. Bernard to Pope Innocent II: Against Abelard, 1140 87(4) Everinus of Steinfeld: Letter to St. Bernard, 1143 91(4) St. Bernard: Sermon 65 on The Song of Songs, 1144 95(8) III THE CATHARS 103(36) The Sermon of Cosmas the Priest against Bogomilism 108(9) A Standoff at Lombers, 1165 117(4) The Cathar Council at Saint-Felix-de-Caraman, 1167 121(2) Pierre des Vaux de Cernay: The Historia Albigensis 123(2) Rainier Sacconi: A Thirteenth-Century Inquisitor on Catharism 125(8) Chroniclers and Cathars on Catharism: The Heretics of Lombardy 133(6) IV THE WALDENSIANS 139(26) Etienne de Bourbon: The Waldensians and Vernacular Scripture 144(1) Walter Map: On the Waldensians, 1179 144(3) Valdes's Profession of Faith 147(2) David of Augsburg: On the Waldensians of Bavaria, 1270 149(1) The Passau Anonymous: On the Origins of Heresy and the Sect of the Waldensians 150(15) V THE WAY OF CARITAS: PREACHING, PENITENCE, AND PASTORALISM 165(24) The Third Lateran Council, 1179: Heretics Are Anathema 168(2) Pope Lucius III: The Decretal Ad Abolendum, 1184 170(3) The Fourth Lateran Council, 1215: Credo and Confession, Canons 1,3,21 173(5) Pope Innocent III: The Decretal Cum ex officii nostri, 1207 178(1) Burchard of Ursperg: On the New Orders 178(2) St. Antony's Sermon to the Fish 180(2) St. Thomas Aquinas: Whether Heretics Should Be Tolerated 182(2) Pope Innocent III and Durand of Huesca, 1210 184(5) VI THE WAY OF POTESTAS: CRUSADE AND CRIMINAL SANCTIONS 189(28) Caesarius of Heisterbach: The Stake 193(1) The Council of Toulouse, 1229 194(2) Pope Gregory IX: The Decretal Ille humani generis, 1231 196(2) The Council of Tarragona, 1242 198(2) A Manual for Inquisitors at Carcasonne, 1248-49 200(7) The Liber Augustalis of Frederick II, 1231 207(2) The Schwabenspiegel: Concerning Heretics, 1235 209(1) Thirteenth-Century French Royal Legislation Against Heretics 210(2) The English Statute De haeretico comburendo, 1401 212(5) VII INTELLECTUAL POSITIONS CONDEMNED IN THE THIRTEENTH AND FOURTEENTH CENTURIES 217(18) Errors Condemned at the University of Paris, 1270 220(1) Faith and Philosophy in the Arts Faculty of Paris, 1272 221(2) The Condemnation of 219 Propositions at Paris, 1277 223(7) The Condemnation of Marsiglio of Padua and John of Jandun, 1327 230(1) Petrarch: On Some Fourteenth-Century Latin Averroists, 1364 231(4) VIII THE SPIRITUAL FRANCISCANS AND VOLUNTARY POVERTY 235(16) St. Bonaventure: On dominium and usus 240(3) Ubertino da Casale: Violations of dominium and usus 243(2) Pope John XXII: The Decretal Gloriosam ecclesiam, 1318, on the Errors of the Fraticelli 245(2) Pope John XXII: The Decretal Cum inter nonullas, 1323 247(1) James of the March: Against the Spirituals, ca. 1450 248(3) IX PEASANT CATHARS IN THE ARIEGE IN THE EARLY FOURTEENTH CENTURY 251(14) The Inquisitorial Register of Jacques Fournier 253(12) X THE AGE OF WYCLIF AND HUS 265(44) John Wyclif: On Indulgences 267(4) Pope Gregory XI to the Masters of Oxford: On Wyclif 271(2) Wyclif's Response to Pope Urban VI 273(1) The Council of Constance, 1415: The Condemnation of Wyclifism 274(3) The Lollard Conclusions, 1394 277(5) John Hus: On Simony 282(4) The Council of Constance, 1415: The Condemnation of Hus's Errors 286(3) Peter of Mladonovice: The Examination and Execution of Hus 289(8) John of Brevicoxa: On the Church and Heresy 297(12) Sources and Acknowledgments 309