Now fully revised and updated, Bioethics: An Anthology, 3rd edition, contains a wealth of new material reflecting the latest developments. This definitive text brings together writings on an unparalleled range of key ethical issues, compellingly presented by internationally renowned scholars. Now fully revised and updated, Bioethics: An Anthology, 3rd edition, contains a wealth of new material reflecting the latest developments. This definitive text brings together writings on an unparalleled range of key ethical issues, compellingly presented by internationally renowned scholars. Acknowledgments xii Introduction 1 Part I Abortion 9 Introduction 11 1 Abortion and Health Care Ethics 15John Finnis 2 Abortion and Infanticide 23Michael Tooley 3 A Defense of Abortion 38Judith Jarvis Thomson 4 Why Abortion Is Immoral 49Don Marquis Part II Issues in Reproduction 61 Introduction 63 Assisted Reproduction 69 5 Multiple Gestation and Damaged Babies: God s Will or Human Choice? 71Gregory Pence 6 Assisted Reproduction in Same Sex Couples 74Dorothy A. Greenfeld and Emre Seli 7 Rights, Interests, and Possible People 86Derek Parfit 8 The Ethics of Uterus Transplantation 91Ruby Catsanos, Wendy Rogers, and Mianna Lotz Prenatal Screening, Sex Selection, and Cloning 103 9 Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children Be Immoral? 105Laura M. Purdy 10 Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: A Challenge to Practice and Policy 112Adrienne Asch 11 Genetic Technology: A Threat to Deafness 127Ruth Chadwick and Mairi Levitt 12 Sex Selection and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis The Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine 136 13 Sex Selection and Preimplantation Diagnosis: A Response to the Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine 141Julian Savulescu and Edgar Dahl 14 Conception to Obtain Hematopoietic Stem Cells 144John A. Robertson, Jeffrey P. Kahn, and John E. Wagner 15 Why We Should Not Permit Embryos to Be Selected as Tissue Donors 152David King 16 The Moral Status of the Cloning of Humans 156Michael Tooley Part III Genetic Manipulation 173 Introduction 175 17 Questions about Some Uses of Genetic Engineering 177Jonathan Glover 18 The Moral Significance of the Therapy Enhancement Distinction in Human Genetics 189David B. Resnik 19 Should We Undertake Genetic Research on Intelligence? 199Ainsley Newson and Robert Williamson 20 In Defense of Posthuman Dignity 208Nick Bostrom Part IV Life and Death Issues 215 Introduction 217 21 The Sanctity of Life 225Jonathan Glover 22 Declaration on Euthanasia 235 Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Killing and Letting Die 241 23 The Morality of Killing: A Traditional View 243Germain Grisez and Joseph M. Boyle, Jr. 24 Active and Passive Euthanasia 248James Rachels 25 Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die? 252Winston Nesbitt 26 Why Killing is Not Always Worse and Sometimes Better Than Letting Die 257Helga Kuhse 27 Moral Fictions and Medical Ethics 261Franklin G. Miller, Robert D. Truog, and Dan W. Brock Severely Disabled Newborns 271 28 When Care Cannot Cure: Medical Problems in Seriously Ill Babies 273Neil Campbell 29 The Abnormal Child: Moral Dilemmas of Doctors and Parents 285R. M. Hare 30 Right to Life of Handicapped 290Alison Davis 31 Conjoined Twins, Embodied Personhood, and Surgical Separation 292Christine Overall Brain Death 305 32 A Definition of Irreversible Coma 307 Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death 33 Are Recent Defences of the Brain Death Concept Adequate? 312Ari Joffe 34 Is the Sanctity of Life Ethic Terminally Ill? 321Peter Singer Advance Directives 331 35 Life Past Reason 333Ronald Dworkin 36 Dworkin on Dementia: Elegant Theory, Questionable Policy 341Rebecca Dresser Voluntary Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide 351 37 The Note 353Chris Hill 38 When Self ]Determination Runs Amok 357Daniel Callahan 39 When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok 362John Lachs 40 Trends in End ]of ]Life Practices Before and After the Enactment of the Euthanasia Law in the Netherlands from 1990 to 2010: A Repeated Cross ]Sectional Survey 366Bregje D. Onwuteaka ]Philipsen, Arianne Brinkman ]Stoppelenburg, Corine Penning, Gwen J. F. de Jong ]Krul, Johannes J. M. van Delden, and Agnes van der Heide 41 Euthanasia in the Netherlands: What Lessons for Elsewhere? 377Bernard Lo Part V Resource Allocation 381 Introduction 383 42 Rescuing Lives: Can t We Count? 387Paul T. Menzel 43 Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation? 390Alvin H. Moss and Mark Siegler 44 The Value of Life 397John Harris 45 Bubbles under the Wallpaper: Healthcare Rationing and Discrimination 406Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord Part VI Obtaining Organs 413 Introduction 415 46 Organ Donation and Retrieval: Whose Body Is It Anyway? 417Eike ]Henner W. Kluge 47 The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales 421Janet Radcliffe ]Richards, A. S. Daar, R. D. Guttmann, R. Hoffenberg, I. Kennedy, M. Lock, R. A. Sells, N. Tilney, and for the International Forum for Transplant Ethics 48 Ethical Issues in the Supply and Demand of Human Kidneys 425Debra Satz 49 The Survival Lottery 437John Harris Part VII Experimentation with Human Participants 443 Introduction 445 Human Participants 449 50 Ethics and Clinical Research 451Henry K. Beecher 51 Equipoise and the Ethics of Clinical Research 459Benjamin Freedman 52 The Patient and the Public Good 466Samuel Hellman 53 Scientific Research Is a Moral Duty 471John Harris 54 Participation in Biomedical Research Is an Imperfect Moral Duty: A Response to John Harris 483Sandra Shapshay and Kenneth D. Pimple 55 Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries 489Peter Lurie and Sidney M. Wolfe 56 We re Trying to Help Our Sickest People, Not Exploit Them 495Danstan Bagenda and Philippa Musoke ]Mudido 57 Medical Researchers Ancillary Clinical Care Responsibilities 497Leah Belsky and Henry S. Richardson Human Embryos Stem Cells 503 58 President Discusses Stem Cell Research 505George W. Bush 59 Killing Embryos for Stem Cell Research 508Jeff McMahan Part VIII Experimentation with Animals 521 Introduction 523 60 Duties towards Animals 527Immanuel Kant 61 A Utilitarian View 529Jeremy Bentham 62 All Animals Are Equal 530Peter Singer 63 Vivisection, Morals and Medicine: An Exchange 540R. G. Frey and Sir William Paton Part IX Public Health Issues 551 Introduction 553 64 Ethics and Infectious Disease 555Michael J. Selgelid 65 Rethinking Mandatory HIV Testing during Pregnancy in Areas with High HIV Prevalence Rates: Ethical and Policy Issues 565Udo Schüklenk and Anita Kleinsmidt 66 Mandatory HIV Testing in Pregnancy: Is There Ever a Time? 572Russell Armstrong 67 XDR ]TB in South Africa: No Time for Denial or Complacency 582Jerome Amir Singh, Ross Upshur, and Nesri Padayatchi Part X Ethical Issues in the Practice of Healthcare 591 Introduction 593 Confidentiality 597 68 Confidentiality in Medicine: A Decrepit Concept 599Mark Siegler 69 The Duty to Warn and Clinical Ethics: Legal and Ethical Aspects of Confidentiality and HIV/AIDS 603Christian Säf ken and Andreas Frewer Truth-Telling 611 70 On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives 613Immanuel Kant 71 Should Doctors Tell the Truth? 615Joseph Collins 72 On Telling Patients the Truth 621Roger Higgs Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy 629 73 On Liberty 631John Stuart Mill 74 From Schloendorff v. NewYork Hospital 634Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo 75 Informed Consent: Its History, Meaning, and Present Challenges 635Tom L. Beauchamp 76 The Doctor Patient Relationship in Different Cultures 642Ruth Macklin 77 Amputees by Choice 654Carl Elliott 78 Rational Desires and the Limitation of Life ]Sustaining Treatment 665Julian Savulescu 79 The Nocebo Effect of Informed Consent 683Shlomo Cohen Part XI Special Issues Facing Nurses 693 Introduction 695 80 The Relation of the Nurse to the Doctor and the Doctor to the Nurse 699Sarah E. Dock 81 In Defense of the Traditional Nurse 700Lisa H. Newton 82 Patient Autonomy and Medical Paternity: Can Nurses Help Doctors to Listen to Patients? 708Sarah Breier 83 Health and Human Rights Advocacy: Perspectives from a Rwandan Refugee Camp 718Carol Pavlish, Anita Ho, and Ann ]Marie Rounkle Part XII Neuroethics 729 Introduction 731 84 Neuroethics: An Agenda for Neuroscience and Society 733Jonathan D. Moreno 85 How Electrical Brain Stimulation Can Change the Way We Think 741Sally Adee 86 Neuroethics: Ethics and the Sciences of the Mind 744Neil Levy 87 Freedom of Memory Today 749Adam Kolber 88 Towards Responsible Use of Cognitive ]Enhancing Drugs by the Healthy 753Henry Greely, Barbara Sahakian, John Harris, Ronald C. Kessler, Michael Gazzaniga, Philip Campbell, and Martha J. Farah 89 Engineering Love 760Julian Savulescu and Anders Sandberg Index 762