A Companion to Paleopathology offers a broad overview of the field that has evolved over the last few decades into an exploration of disease processes in the human skeleton. A Companion to Paleopathology offers a broad overview of the field that has evolved over the last few decades into an exploration of disease processes in the human skeleton. List of Illustrations xi List of Tables xvii Notes on Contributors xix Acknowledgements xxviii 1 Introduction: The Scope of Paleopathology 1Anne L. Grauer Part I Approaches, Perspectives and Issues 15 2 Ethics and Issues in the Use of Human Skeletal Remains in Paleopathology 17Patricia M. Lambert 3 Evolutionary Thought in Paleopathology and the Rise of the Biocultural Approach 34Molly K. Zuckerman, Bethany L. Turner, and George J. Armelagos 4 The Bioarchaeological Approach to Paleopathology 58Michele R. Buzon 5 The Molecular Biological Approach in Paleopathology 76James H. Gosman 6 The Ecological Approach: Understanding Past Diet and the Relationship Between Diet and Disease 97M. Anne Katzenberg 7 An Epidemiological Approach to Paleopathology 114Jesper L. Boldsen and George R. Milner 8 The Promise, the Problems, and the Future of DNA Analysis in Paleopathology Studies 133Mark Spigelman, Dong Hoon Shin, and Gila Kahila Bar Gal 9 The Analysis and Interpretation of Mummifi ed Remains 152Michael R. Zimmerman 10 The Study of Parasites Through Time: Archaeoparasitology and Paleoparasitology 170Katharina Dittmar, Adauto Araújo, and Karl J. Reinhard 11 More Than Just Mad Cows: Exploring Human Animal Relationships Through Animal Paleopathology 191Beth Upex and Keith Dobney 12 How Does The History of Paleopathology Predict its Future? 214Mary Lucas Powell and Della Collins Cook Part II Methods and Techniques of Inquiry 225 13 A Knowledge of Bone at the Cellular (Histological) Level is Essential to Paleopathology 227Bruce D. Ragsdale and Larisa M. Lehmer 14 Differential Diagnosis and Issues in Disease Classifi cation 250Donald J. Ortner 15 Estimating Age and Sex from the Skeleton, a Paleopathological Perspective 268George R. Milner and Jesper L. Boldsen 16 The Relationship Between Paleopathology and the Clinical Sciences 285Simon Mays 17 Integrating Historical Sources with Paleopathology 310Piers D. Mitchell 18 Fundamentals of Paleoimaging Techniques: Bridging the Gap Between Physicists and Paleopathologists 324Johann Wanek, Christina Papageorgopoulou, and Frank Rühli 19 Data and Data Analysis Issues in Paleopathology 339Ann L.W. Stodder Part III Diseases of the Past: Current Understandings and Controversies 357 20 Trauma 359Margaret A. Judd and Rebecca Redfern 21 Developmental Disorders in the Skeleton 380Ethne Barnes 22 Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases 401Tomasz Koz³owski and Henryk W. Witas 23 Tumors: Problems of Differential Diagnosis in Paleopathology 420Don Brothwell 24 Re-Emerging Infections: Developments in Bioarchaeological Contributions to Understanding Tuberculosis Today 434Charlotte Roberts 25 Leprosy (Hansen s disease) 458Niels Lynnerup and Jesper Boldsen 26 Treponematosis: Past, Present, and Future 472Della Collins Cook and Mary Lucas Powell 27 Nonspecifi c Infection in Paleopathology: Interpreting Periosteal Reactions 492Darlene A. Weston 28 Joint Disease 513Tony Waldron 29 Bioarchaeology's Holy Grail: The Reconstruction of Activity 531Robert Jurmain, Francisca Alves Cardoso, Charlotte Henderson, and Sébastien Villotte 30 Oral Health in Past Populations: Context, Concepts and Controversies 553John R. Lukacs Index 582