New and thoroughly updated, Epistemology: An Anthology continues to represent the most comprehensive and authoritative collection of canonical readings in the theory of knowledge. New and thoroughly updated, Epistemology: An Anthology continues to represent the most comprehensive and authoritative collection of canonical readings in the theory of knowledge. Preface to the Second Edition ix Acknowledgments xi Part I Skepticism 1 Introduction 3 1 The Problem of the External World 7 Barry Stroud 2 Proof of an External World 26 G.E. Moore 3 Four Forms of Scepticism 29 G.E. Moore 4 Certainty 31 G.E. Moore 5 How a Pyrrhonian Skeptic Might Respond to Academic Skepticism 35 Peter Klein 6 Epistemological Realism 51 Michael Williams Part II The Structure of Knowledge and Justification 73 Introduction 75 7 The Myth of the Given 80 Roderick M. Chisholm 8 Does Empirical Knowledge Have a Foundation? 94 Wilfrid Sellars 9 Epistemic Principles 99 Wilfrid Sellars 10 Can Empirical Knowledge Have a Foundation? 109 Laurence BonJour 11 A Coherence Theory of Truth and Knowledge 124 Donald Davidson 12 A Foundherentist Theory of Empirical Justification 134 Susan Haack 13 The Raft and the Pyramid 145 Ernest Sosa 14 Human Knowledge and the Infinite Regress of Reasons 165 Peter D. Klein Part III Defining Knowledge 187 Introduction 189 15 Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? 192 Edmund Gettier 16 Thought, Selections 194 Gilbert Harman 17 The Inescapability of Gettier Problems 207 Linda Zagzebski 18 A State of Mind 213 Timothy Williamson Part IV Epistemic Closure 231 Introduction 233 19 Epistemic Operators 237 Fred Dretske 20 Skepticism, Relevant Alternatives, and !kJ ;losure 247 Gail Stine 21 Knowledge and Skepticism 255 Robert Nozick 22 How to Defeat Opposition to Moore 280 Ernest Sosa 23 Are There Counterexamples to the Closure Principle? 290 Jonathan Vogel Part V Theories of Epistemic Justification 303 Introduction 305 24 Evidentialism 310 Richard Feldman and Earl Owe 25 Skepticism and Rationality 322 Richard Foley 26 What Is Justified Belief? 333 Alvin I. Goldman 27 Reliabilism Leveled 348 Jonathan Vogel 28 Externalist Theories of Empirical Knowledge 363 Laurence BonJour 29 Internalism Exposed 379 Alvin I. Goldman 30 Externalism and Skepticism 394 Richard Fumerton 31 Internalism Defended 407 Richard Feldman and Earl Conee Part VI Virtue Epistemology and the Value of Knowledge 423 Introduction 425 32 Warrant: A First Approximation 429 Alvin Plantinga 33 Virtues of the Mind, Selections 442 Linda Zagzebski 34 Virtues and Vices of Virtue Epistemology 454 John Greco 35 Cognitive Responsibility and the Epistemic Virtues 462 Duncan Pritchard 36 The Place of Truth in Epistemology 477 Ernest Sosa 37 Why Should Inquiring Minds Want to Know?: Meno Problems and Epistemological Axiology 492 Jonathan L. Kvanvig 38 True Enough 507 Catherine Z. Elgin Part VII Naturalized Epistemology and the A Priori 521 Introduction 523 39 Epistemology Naturalized 528 W.V. Quine 40 What Is Naturalized Epistemology? 538 Jaegwo Kim 41 Quine as Feminist: The Radical Import of Naturalized Epistemology 552 Louise M. Antony 42 There is at Least One A Priori Truth 585 Hilary Putnam 43 Revisability, Reliabilism, and A Priori Knowledge 595 Albert Castillo 44 A Priori Knowledge and the Scope of Philosophy 612 George Beater 45 Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions 625 Jonathan M. Weinberg, Shaun Nichols, and Stephen Stich 46 Investigating Knowledge Itself 647 Hilary Kornblith Part VIII Knowledge and Context 661 Introduction 663 47 Solving the Skeptical Problem 669 Keith DeRose 48 Elusive Knowledge 691 David Lewis 49 Contextualist Solutions to Epistemological Problems: Scepticism, Gettier, and the Lottery 706 Stewart Cohen 50 Knowledge and Practical Interest, Selections 721 Jason Stanley 51 Evidence, Pragmatics, and Justification 742 Jeremy Fand and Matthew McGrath 52 Sensitive Moderate invariantism 760 John Hawthorne 53 The Assessment Sensitivity of Knowledge Attributions 779 John MacFarlane Part IX Testimony, Memory, and Perception 801 Introduction 803 54 Trust and Rationality 807 Judith Baker 55 Against Gullibility 815 Elizabeth Fricker 56 Content Preservation 836 Tyler Burge 57 Testimonial Knowledge and Transmission 855 Jennifer Lackey 58 The Problem of Memory Knowledge 868 Michael Huemer 59 Criteria, Defeasibility, and Knowledge 876 John McDowell 60 Knowing How to Believe With Justification 892 Steven L. Reynolds Index 903