Addresses important findings, assumptions, problems, hopes, and future guidelines on the use of advanced research techniques to study the mental processes that occur while a reader or listener is understanding language. This work also discusses the theoretical progress in understanding language processing using temporally fine-grained methods. Preface xix On the On-Line Study of Language Comprehension 1(14) Manuel Carreiras Charles Clifton, Jr. On-Line Methods in Language Processing: Introduction and Historical Review 15(18) Don C. Mitchell Eye Movements and Semantic Composition 33(18) Martin J. Pickering Steven Frisson Brian McElree Matthew J. Traxler Linking Eye Movements to Sentence Comprehension in Reading and Listening 51(26) Julie E. Boland Lexical Predictability Effects on Eye Fixations During Reading 77(18) Scott A. McDonald Richard C. Shillcock The Empty Category PRO: Processing What Cannot Be Seen 95(24) Moises Betancort Enrique Meseguer Manuel Carreiras Antecedent Typicality Effects in the Processing of Noun Phrase Anaphors 119(20) Roger P. G. van Gompel Simon P. Liversedge Jamie Pearson On-Line Measures of Coreferential Processing 139(12) Peter C. Gordon C. Christine Camblin Tamara Y. Swaab Production and Comprehension Measures in Assessing Plural Object Formation 151(16) Anthony J. Sanford Patrick Sturt Linda Moxey Lorna Morrow Cathy Emmott Constituent Order Priming from Reading to Listening: A Visual-World Study 167(20) Christoph Scheepers Matthew W. Crocker The On-Line Processing of Ambiguous and Unambiguous Words in Context: Evidence from Head-Mounted Eyetracking 187(22) Falk Huettig Gerry T. M. Altmann That Is Not It and It Is Not That: Reference Resolution and Conceptual Composites 209(20) Sarah Brown-Schmidt Donna K. Byron Michael K. Tanenhaus Sentence Comprehension in a Wider Discourse: Can We Use ERPs To Keep Track of Things? 229(42) Jos J. A. van Berkum Sentences in the Brain: Event-Related Potentials as Real-Time Reflections of Sentence Comprehension and Language Learning 271(38) Lee Osterhout Judith McLaughlin Albert Kim Ralf Greenwald Kayo Inoue Gender or Genders Agreement? 309(20) Horacio Barber Elena Salillas Manuel Carreiras Evidence for a Shared Mechanism in Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Sequence Processing? ERP Recordings of On-Line Function- and Content-Information Integration 329(28) Michel Hoen Peter F. Dominey Distinct Neural Correlates of Legal and Illegal Word-Order Variations in German: How Can fMRI Inform Cognitive Models of Sentence Processing? 357(14) Christian J. Fiebach Matthias Schlesewsky Ina D. Bornkessel Angela D. Friederici On-Line Sentence Processing: Past, Present, and Future 371(24) Michael K. Tanenhaus Index 395