“A full-frontal attack on France’s blind spot – regionalism – demonstrating that regional structures and identities were part of her reconstruction and modernisation after the First World War. Deeply researched and a masterly comparative study.” —Robert Gildea, Emeritus Professor, University of Oxford “With his deep research into economic organisations at the grass-roots level, Terence Cudbird provides an important chapter in the continuing exploration of the unique story of France’s social and economic development between the wars.” —Julian Wright, Professor, Northumbria University “Cudbird’s careful archival research demonstrates that, in the wake of the First World War, French regionalism was not just the concern of intellectuals and traditionalists. Industrialists and government ministers also saw the need to decentralise. Bringing decision-making closer to local stakeholders enabled significant change in the interwar period, the achievements of which are documented here, in many cases for the first time.” —David Hopkin, Professor of History, University of Oxford, Oxford This book provides a comprehensive account of the achievements of the economic regions set up in France after the First World War. It identifies exactly how they operated, as well as critical success factors such as effective leadership. Some recent historians have taken a very negative view of the part played by these regions in economic development. This new study instead argues that they made a significant contribution and laid the foundations for the regions created in France after 1945. The key areas which they identified: transport, power generation, and technical education, have remained the preoccupations of regional governments in France and elsewhere to this day. The author covers the needs of commerce and industry, but also agriculture and tourism. Based on fresh research using a wide range of primary sources, this book will appeal to economic historians, economists, and geographers, as well as historians with a particular interest in France. Terence Cudbird gained his doctorate from the University of Oxford in 2020 and is an Associate Member of the History Faculty there. He published an article on the French regions in French History in 2023.