Cryptocurrencies, which can be understood as mathematical money, are one of the main challenges that exist in the field of finance today, and in our society and way of life in the very near future. The academic world cannot be oblivious to this development. That is why we propose to be Guest Editors of a Special Issue dedicated to the role of mathematics in the transformation of the world through these instruments. Our aim is to contribute to this Special Issue with our research and to encourage our national and international colleagues, and the rest of the academic community, to submit articles to this Special Issue. Cryptocurrencies are built using complex mathematics and computational methods. However, we do not focus only on mathematics as a feature of the security and effectiveness of cryptocurrency protocols, but also on the pricing mathematics. In that context, the pricing mathematics underlying these instruments can be useful tools for prediction or for estimating the reasonable value of something. Therefore, we consider that an adequate academic research in this field will reinforce the importance of mathematics for cryptocurrencies. Potential topics include, but are not limited to: Forecasting models; Effects on financial markets; Mathematical models; Cryptocurrencies mining; Future of cryptocurrencies; Abnormal volatility; Cryptocurrency pump and dump; Cybercrime and cryptocurrencies; Exchange frauds in digital transactions.