Humans and animals may be exposed on a continuous daily basis to a mixture of environmental contaminants that may cause adverse consequences. This Topic focuses on environmental pollutants including heavy metals, pesticides, nanoparticles, micro-nanoplastics, indoor air pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and industrial toxicants with effects on human health, risk assessment, and the relationship between various diseases and environmental pollutants. The aim of this Topic is to present a comprehensive overview of various studies carried out with in vivo and in vitro model organisms and the potential risks posed by environmental pollutants to human health. In this Topic, 20 original articles, 6 reviews and 1 communication are collected, with a particular focus on alcohol-based hand sanitizers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, monochromatic light pollution, paraben as an endocrine disruptor, heavy metal pollution attributed to the antimony and arsenic found in mines in soil, water, and sediments, groundwater with high fluoride levels, the transmission of viruses due to the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems of urban subways, chronic home radon exposure, organotin compounds, heavy metal pollutants, polypropylene microplastics, ventral body wall defects in chick embryos, microcystin-LR as an aquatic toxin, N-nitroso compounds, methylmercury as a global pollutant, triazine herbicides, persistent organic pollutants, bisphenol A and trace metals, autophagy, nano- and micro-sized polystyrene particles, tributyltin as an environmental contaminant, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.