Written by a member of various national and international standardization committees, this ready reference helps practicing engineers in the design and application of low voltage networks. Dieses Praktikerbuch, geschrieben von einem Mitglied verschiedener nationaler und internationaler Standardisierungsgremien, unterstützt Ingenieure bei Design und Realisierung von Niederspannungsnetzen. Mit seinem Aufbau nach dem jeweiligen Typ des elektrischen Systems, einschließlich asynchrone Motoren, dreiphasige Netzwerke und Beleuchtungssysteme, deckt dieses Fachbuch elektrische und elektrotechnische Grundlagen ab, bietet Informationen zur Implementierung der gültigen NEC- und IEC-Normen und einen Überblick über industrielle Anwendungsbereiche. Unzählige Tabellen, Diagramme und Arbeitsbeispiele helfen bei der Planung elektrischer Systeme. Mit den auf der begleitenden Website verfügbaren Programmen lassen sich Berechnungen nachvollziehen und individuell anpassen. INTRODUCTION PLANNING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT Guidelines for the Remuneration of Architects and Engineers and Regulations for Contracting System Installation Guidelines for Project Planning of Electrical Systems ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS Medium-Voltage Systems Low-Voltage Systems TRANSFORMERS Physical Basis Cores Windings Types A.C. Transformers Three-Phase Transformers Special-Purpose Transformers Efficiency of Transformers Protection of Transformers Selection of Transformers Rules of Thumb for Calculating Short Circuit Currents on the Low-Voltage Side Examples for Transformers ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS (ASM) Designs and Types Properties Characterizing Asynchronous Motors Startup of Asynchronous Motors Speed Adjustment Project Planning of Drives EMERGENCY GENERATORS Generator-Specific Limiting Operational Values Planning a Standby Generator Example: Calculation of Standby Generator Power EQUIPMENT FOR OVERCURRENT PROTECTION Electric Arc Low-Voltage Switchgear SELECTIVITY AND BACKUP PROTECTION Selectivity Backup Protection SWITCHGEAR COMBINATIONS Type-Tested Switchgear Combinations (TSC) Partially Type-Tested Switchgear Combinations (PTSC) Proof of Short Circuit Strength Proof of Compliance With Upper Temperature Limits in Partially Type-Tested Switchgear Combinations Differentiation of Power Losses Checklist Notes on Project Planning Example: Computer Evaluation of Temperature Rise PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK Voltage Ranges Protection by Cut-Off or Warning Messages CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY OF CONDUCTORS AND CABLES Terms and Definitions Overload Protection Short Circuit Protection Current Carrying Capacity of Heavy Current Cables and Correction Factors for Underground Overhead Installation Examples of Current Carrying Capacity Examples for the Calculation of Overcurrents CALCULATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS IN THREE-PHASE NETWORKS The Equivalent Voltage Source Method Calculation of Resistance Values for Operational Equipment Short Circuit Currents for Three-Pole Short Circuits Thermal and Dynamic Short Circuit Strength Examples for the Calculation of Short Circuit Current VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATIONS Voltage Regulation Examples for the Calculation of Voltage Drops LIGHTING SYSTEMS Interior Lighting Types of Lighting Lighting Calculations Planning of Lighting with Data Blocks Procedure for Project Planning Exterior Lighting Low-Voltage Halogen Lamps Safety and Standby Lighting Battery Systems COMPENSATION FOR REACTIVE POWER Terms and Definitions Effect of Reactive Power Compensation for Transformers Compensation for Asynchronous Motors Compensation for Discharge Lamps cjk Value Resonant Circuits Harmonics and Voltage Quality Static Compensation for Reactive Power Examples of Compensation for Reactive Power LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS Lightning Protection Class Exterior Lightning Protection Interior Lightning Protection USING THE SOFTWARE Use of CAD Systems Aids for Installation