About the book It is often taken for granted that the Standard Model of Particle Physics is the most successful scientific theory ever developed. However, since its inception in the 1970s, it has been widely recognized that as long as gravity remains excluded from its framework, a deeper theoretical level must exist beyond it. To bridge this gap, two possible approaches can be taken: one is to push forward by embedding the Standard Model within a more comprehensive theory; the other is to critically reassess its foundations. This book adopts the latter approach, guided by strict common sense, seeking logically coherent physical explanations for the many mathematically based axioms in the current framework. This perspective has led to the development of a Structural Model for Particle Physics, which reveals a common origin for the nuclear force (both strong and weak), the electromagnetic force, and gravity. The model demonstrates that just three elementary fermions (the quark, the electron, and the neutrino) and three elementary bosons (the ‘gluon, the photon, and the graviton) provide a sufficient foundation for an alternative understanding of the fundamental forces of nature. About the author The author, Engel Roza (born 1940), joined Philips, The Netherlands, in 1963 after completing his studies at the Delft University of Technology. Initially, he worked as a scientific researcher, inventor, and lecturer in the fields of telecommunications and microelectronics. In this capacity, he authored numerous articles published in leading international journals. Later, for many years, he was responsible for a team of researchers at the Philips Physics Laboratory, specializing in complex integrated digital circuits, such as signal processors and memory devices. The group maintained close ties with national and international universities and hosted PhD candidates, some of whom he personally supervised. Since his retirement in 2000, he has been engaged in a variety of topics, including the subject of this book—a topic that has always intrigued him but which he never had the opportunity to study in depth during his busy career.