Against Apion is an important literary work written by Flavius Josephus, a 1st century CE Jewish historian and scholar. The book is a detailed refutation to the Alexandrian grammarian and scholar Apion's writings, which levied many charges and falsehoods against the Jewish people and their traditions. Readers are compelled to continue reading to find out what happens next since the title character is so indulgent. Being a Jew, Josephus takes on the duty of defending Judaism and its antiquity against Apion's malicious charges. He challenges Apion's charges with carefully documented data and reasoned arguments that verify the legitimacy and venerable heritage of Jewish religion and culture. One of the key themes of Against Apion is the refutation of the idea that Jews were a recent and inferior the group when compared to other ancient countries. Josephus emphasizes the ancient origins of Jewish practices, laws, and traditions, dating them back to the dawn of time. Furthermore, Josephus argues for Jewish culture's moral and intellectual superiority, rejecting Apion's claims of Jewish brutality and ignorance.