Discrimination is still not sufficiently addressed within liberal democracies. Often only some groups are protected against discrimination and merely in certain situations. This leaves many who suffer because of discrimination without recourse. And that is only one of the dilemmas with group-based approaches to the protection against discrimination. So why are these approaches so common? And can we find a viable alternative? In this new book, legal scholar Erwin Dijkstra answers these questions. His analysis is thorough, original, and thought-provoking. This makes Discrimination and the Foundation of Justice indispensable for anyone who seeks a better understanding of discrimination law, the relevant human rights context, and the debate on improving the protection against discrimination. That debate is brought to life through a thoughtful discussion of hotly debated topics like hate speech, affirmative action, and institutions that speak out against discrimination. As discrimination concerns us all, this book was written as a resource for all. It is meant to be read by those studying discrimination law professionally and the broader public alike. Introduction: Modern Tragedies; Part One: The Foundation of Justice; Chapter I: Liberalism, Power, and the Individual; Chapter II: The Modern Human Rights Discourse; Chapter III: A Liberalism of Fear; Chapter IV: Discrimination and the Rechtsstaat; Part Two: Group-Based Approaches to Discrimination; Chapter V: Hate Speech; Chapter VI: Affirmative Action; Chapter VII: Institutional Opinions; Part Three: Conclusion and Miscellaneous; Conclusion: An Illusion of Justice