The impact of gender on migration processes Considering the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between gender relations and migration, the contributions in this book approach migration dynamics from a gender-sensitive perspective. Bringing together insights from various fields of study, it is demonstrated how processes of social change occur differently in distinct life domains, over time, and across countries and/or regions, influencing the relationship between gender and migration. Detailed analysis by regions, countries, and types of migration reveals a strong variation regarding levels and features of female and male migration. This approach enables us to grasp the distinct ways in which gender roles, perceptions, and relations, each embedded in a particular cultural, geographical, and socioeconomic context, affect migration dynamics. Hence, this volume demonstrates that gender matters at each stage of the migration process. In its entirety, 'Gender and Migration' gives evidence of the unequivocal impact of gender and gendered structures, both at a micro and macro level, upon migrant’s lives and of migration on gender dynamics. Considering the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between gender relations and migration, the contributions in this book approach migration dynamics from a gender-sensitive perspective. Bringing together insights from various fields of study, it is demonstrated how processes of social change occur differently in distinct life domains, over time, and across countries and/or regions, influencing the relationship between gender and migration. Detailed analysis by regions, countries, and types of migration reveals a strong variation regarding levels and features of female and male migration. This approach enables us to grasp the distinct ways in which gender roles, perceptions, and relations, each embedded in a particular cultural, geographical, and socioeconomic context, affect migration dynamics. Hence, this volume demonstrates that gender matters at each stage of the migration process. In its entirety, Gender and Migration gives evidence of the unequivocal impact of gender and gendered structures, both at a micro and macro level, upon migrant’s lives and of migration on gender dynamics. Introduction Part I: Gendered structures and relations 1. Labour migration from South Caucasus: A lost chance for women’s empowerment Alina Poghosyan 2. ‘Marriage of convenience’ regulations in Portugal: Gendered constructions of (il)legality Marianna Bacci Tamburlini 3. Immigration controls creating highly skilled precarious workers: South American migrant women’s and men’s professional trajectories in the care and academic sectors Romina Seminario Luna 4. Cyber space: a refuge for hegemonic masculinity among Polish migrants in the UK Kamila Fiałkowska 5. Future: Nowhere? – Stories of young Roma girls from Neapolitan peripheries Kitti Baracsi Part II: Migration trajectories: Origins and destinations 6. Gender discrimination as a driver of female migration 149 Ilse Ruyssen and Sara Salomone 7. Foreign domestic servants in Antwerp: A comparative regional approach on female migration trajectories to nineteenth-century European cities Thomas Verbruggen and Hilde Greefs 8. The vulnerable refugee woman, from Damascus to Brussels 195 Alexandra Parrs 9. Women in Mediterranean asylum flows: Current scenario and ways forward Milena Belloni, Ferruccio Pastore and Christiane Timmerman 10. Gendered migration aspirations in Turkey: The importance of the ‘culture of migration’ Christiane Timmerman, Zeynep Zümer Batur and Lore Van Praag Conclusion About the authors