The Funding Methods of Compulsory and Special Needs Education
Omschrijving
Funding, efficiency and equity in education In OECD countries the average expenditure on primary and secondary education institutions is about 3.5% of GDP. The investment in education has large implications for economic development and the proper functioning of democratic institutions, as well as overall well-being. However, clear consensus and guidance on which system leads to the best educational outcomes is lacking. This volume describes the resource allocation for compulsory and special needs education for a selection of well-performing countries and regions on PISA tests. By studying the funding systems in well-performing countries and regions the authors identify the elements in the respective funding systems that are associated with best outcomes and have the ideal characteristics to pursue particular goals of education systems such as equity and efficiency. The funding methods of primary and secondary education as well as special needs education are covered. List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. The choice of countries and regions
2.1 British Columbia
2.2 Estonia
2.3 Finland
2.4 Flanders
2.5 Massachusetts
Chapter 3. Overview of education systems
3.1 British Columbia
Expenditure on education
Approach to special needs students and language minorities
The autonomy and providers of education
3.2 Estonia
Expenditure on education
Approach to special needs students and language minorities
The autonomy and providers of education
3.3 Finland
Expenditure on education
Approach to special needs students and language minorities
The autonomy and providers of education
3.4 Flanders
Expenditure on education
Approach to special needs students and language minorities
Autonomy and providers of education
3.5 Massachusetts
Expenditure on education
Approach to special needs students and language minorities
Autonomy and providers of education
Chapter 4. Funding formulas
4.1 British Columbia
Primary schools
An example a primary school budget in the district of Mission
Secondary schools
An example of a secondary school budget in the district of Mission
Support for special needs students
A case study on special needs funding in the district of Mission
A case-study of the funding formula in the district of Mission
Summary of the education funding system in British Columbia and the district of Mission
4.2 Estonia
Primary schools
An example of a primary school budget in Estonia
Secondary schools
An example of a secondary school budget in Estonia
Special needs schools
An example of a an additional funding calculation for special needs students in Estonia
Summary of the Estonian education funding system
4.3 Finland
Primary schools
An example of a primary school in a municipality in Finland
Secondary schools
An example of a secondary school in a municipality in Finland
Special needs schools
The case of the municipality of Hanko
An example of a school in a municipality in Finland
Summary of the Finnish education funding system
4.4 Flanders
Primary schools
An example of a primary school board budget in Flanders
Secondary schools
An example of a secondary school board budget in Flanders
Special needs education
An example of the budget of a school with special needs students in Flanders
Summary of the Flemish education funding system
4.5 Massachusetts
The mechanism behind the formula
The calculation of allocations
An example of a primary school district budget in Massachusetts
Required local contribution calculation
Filling the gap with Chapter 70 education aid
An example of a secondary school district budget in Massachusetts
Effective funding per student
Funding outside the main formula
Summary of the education funding in Massachusetts
Chapter 5. Conclusions
Summary of the funding formulas in the selected regions and countries
Discussion
Appendix
List of primary sources
British Columbia
Estonia
Finland
Flanders
Massachusetts
References
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