Scholarly analysis of evolving jihadist organisation, strategies and operation Jihadist militants keep being a global threat. Many observers suggest that a transformation is likely to happen in their organisation, operation, mobilisation, and recruitment strategies, particularly after the territorial decline of the “Caliphate” of the “Islamic State.” This volume explores different aspects of the future trajectories of militant jihadism and the prospective transformation of this movement in and around Europe. The authors analyse the changing jihadist landscape and networks, and the societal challenges posed by both returned foreign terrorist fighters and those who have not returned to their countries of origin. Other topics of discussion are cyber jihadism, jihadist financing, women's position in and relevance for contemporary jihadism, the role of prisons in relation to radicalisation and militancy, and the changing theological dynamics. Based on recent empirical research, Militant Jihadism offers a solid scholarly contribution to various disciplines that study violence, terrorism, security, and extremism. Contributors: Mohamed-Ali Adraoui (Georgetown University), Laith Alkhouri (Flashpoint), Nadim Houry (Arab Reform Initiative), Adolfo Gatti (Lumina Analytics), Stef Janssens (MYRIA), Johan Leman (KU Leuven), Serafettin Pektas (Researcher), Anita Perešin (Office of the National Security Council of the Republic of Croatia), Teun van Dongen (Independent Security Expert), Arturo Varvelli (ISPI). Jihadist militants keep being a global threat. Many observers suggest that a transformation is likely to happen in their organisation, operation, mobilisation and recruitment strategies particularly after the territorial decline of the “Caliphate” of the “Islamic State.” This volume explores different aspects of the future trajectories of militant jihadism and the prospective transformation of this movement in and around Europe. The authors analyse the changing jihadist landscape and networks, and the societal challenges posed by both returned foreign terrorist fighters and those who have not returned to their countries of origin. Other topics of discussion are cyber jihadism, jihadist financing, women's position in and relevance for contemporary jihadism, the role of prisons in relation to radicalisation and militancy, and the changing theological dynamics. Based on recent empirical research, Militant Jihadism offers a solid scholarly contribution to various disciplines that study violence, terrorism, security, and extremism. Note on translation and transliteration Introduction Johan Leman & Serafettin Pektas 1. Salafism, Jihadism and Radicalisation: Between A Common Doctrinal Heritage and The Logics of Empowerment Mohamed-Ali Adraoui 2. The Libyan Jihadist Outlook: Origins, Evolutions and Future Scenarios Arturo Varvelli 3. The “Unreturned”: Dealing with the Foreign Fighters and Their Families who Remain in Syria and Iraq Nadim Houry 4. Cyber Jihadism: Today and Tomorrow Laith Alkhouri 5. The Role of Women in Post-IS Jihadist Transformation and in Countering Extremism Anita Perešin 6. The More Things Change, The More They Stay the Same: The Post-Caliphate Jihadist Modus Operandi in Europe Teun van Dongen 7. Jihadists in Belgian Prisons Johan Leman 8. Urban Terrorist Sanctuaries in Europe: The Case of Molenbeek Adolfo Gatti 9. Migrant Smuggling Networks and Jihadist Terrorism Johan Leman & Stef Janssens 10. Prospects for Counter-Theology against Militant Jihadism Serafettin Pektas Concluding Considerations Johan Leman & Serafettin Pektas About the Authors