First volume in the series ‘Leuven Studies in Mission and Modernity’ Missionaries have been subject to academic and societal debate. Some scholars highlight their contribution to the spread of modernity and development among local societies, whereas others question their motives and emphasise their inseparable connection with colonialism. In this volume, fifteen authors – from both Europe and the Global South – address these often polemical positions by focusing on education, one of the most prominent fields in which missionaries have been active. They elaborate on Protestantism as well as Catholicism, work with cases from the 18th to the 21st century, and cover different colonial empires in Asia and Africa. The volume introduces new angles, such as gender, the agency of the local population, and the perspective of the child. Missionaries have been subject to academic and societal debate. Some scholars highlight their contribution to the spread of modernity and development among local societies, whereas others question their motives and emphasise their inseparable connection with colonialism. In this volume, fifteen authors – from both Europe and the Global South – address these often polemical positions by focusing on education, one of the most prominent fields in which missionaries have been active. They elaborate on Protestantism as well as Catholicism, work with cases from the 18th to the 21st century, and cover different colonial empires in Asia and Africa. The volume introduces new angles, such as gender, the agency of the local population, and the perspective of the child. Contributors: Aditi Athreya (KU Leuven), Joseph Bara (Indian Institute of Dalit Studies), Mary Chepkemoi (Kenyatta University), Kim Christiaens (KADOC-KU Leuven), Maaike Derksen (Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen), Rinald D’Souza (KU Leuven), Carine Dujardin (KADOC-KU Leuven), Idesbald Goddeeris (KU Leuven), Gwendal Rannou (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne), Parimala V. Rao (Jawaharlal Nehru University), Marleen Reichgelt (Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen), Lourens van Haaften (KU Leuven), Ellen Vea Rosnes (VID University), Pieter Verstraete (KU Leuven), Meng Wang (University of Sydney) Mission and Education. An Introduction Kim Christiaens, Idesbald Goddeeris and Pieter Verstraete PART I DILEMMAS AND TRANSITIONS The Educational Turn in Catholic Missionary Policies and Practices. Belgian Franciscans in China, 1872-1949 Carine Dujardin Fashioning a Catholic Javanese Elite. The Catholic Mission and Colonial Education in Central Java, 1904-1942 Maaike Derksen The Postcolonial Expansion of a Mission. Jesuit Education in Ranchi, India, after 1950 Aditi Athreya, Rinald D’Souza and Idesbald Goddeeris The Jesuit Mission and Business Education in Contemporary India. The Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneshwar Lourens van Haaften PART II COLLABORATION AND COMPETITION The Colonial State, Protestant Missionaries and Indian Education, 1790-1858 Parimala V. Rao Tending Community and Country. Jesuit Colleges in Colonial India, 1835-1902 Joseph Bara Breaking the Colour Bar? Missionary Education in Australasian Colonies before World War II Gwendal Rannou Forming Elites of the Church and of the Nation. Lutheran Resistance to Protestant Secondary Education in Madagascar in the 1920s and 1930s Ellen Vea Rosnes PART III RELIGION AND SOCIETY The Africa Inland Mission and the Education for Girls among the Kipsigis of the Kericho and Bomet Counties, Kenya, 1900-1945 Mary Chepkemoi Femininity and Everyday Spaces at St. Stephen’s Girls’ College in Hong Kong, 1921-1941 Meng Wang Melanesian Children as European Wards. Representation and ‘Redemption’ of Colonial Children in Late-Nineteenth-Century Netherlands Marleen Reichgelt List of Abbreviations About the Authors Colophon