The diverging forms of material and immaterial missionary heritages and legacies For centuries, Christian missions have intervened in local religious communities, practices and ideas across the globe, generating encounters between Indigenous and Western cultures that have ranged from hostile confrontation to intercultural osmosis. While primarily intended as a strategy for evangelisation, forms of inculturation also led to the emergence of new hybrid cultural and religious expressions. These creative processes were rarely unidirectional; instead, they involved reciprocal cultural transactions in which local communities exerted significant agency. Cross-Cultural Heritage deepens our understanding of the intricate relationships between missions and missionised communities. These are reflected in the material and immaterial legacies of missionary histories in various contexts in South America, Africa, Asia, the Pacific and Europe. Often, they remain deeply rooted in landscapes, memories and practices today. For centuries, Christian missions have intervened in local religious communities, practices and ideas across the globe, generating encounters between Indigenous and Western cultures that have ranged from hostile confrontation to intercultural osmosis. While primarily intended as a strategy for evangelisation, forms of inculturation also led to the emergence of new hybrid cultural and religious expressions. These creative processes were rarely unidirectional; instead, they involved reciprocal cultural transactions in which local communities exerted significant agency. Cross-Cultural Heritage deepens our understanding of the intricate relationships between missions and missionised communities. These are reflected in the material and immaterial legacies of missionary histories in various contexts in South America, Africa, Asia, the Pacific and Europe. Often, they remain deeply rooted in landscapes, memories and practices today. Missionary Heritage: Legacies of Religious Imperialism, Inculturation, and Appropriation Jonas Van Mulder, Thomas Coomans, and Dries Vanysacker ENCOUNTERS AND INTERPLAYS Bolivian Missionary Musical Repertoire, Heritagization, and Contemporary Roles Paola Granado Belgian CICM Missionaries, Territorial Heritage, and the Chico River Dam Resistance in the Philippines Leah Abayao Challenges to Catholic Identity in Southern Togo. Ewe Christianity and the Marshall Order Kwami Edem Afoutou Co-Mission. The Material Dimension of Missionary Work in the Pacific Karen Jacobs PLACE AND MEMORY Identity and Memory of Christian Missions among the Maguzawa in Nigeria, 1940–2017 Naziru Yahaya Shuaibu From Mainland to Island. The Architectural Legacy of Belgian Franciscan Missionaries in Early Postwar Taipei Leon Bouwmeester Dreams, Nostalgia, and Commercialization. Telling Stories about Missionary Schools for Girls in Modern China Jennifer Bond REPRESENTATION AND MEMORIALIZATION Text and Mission in Transition. The Indigenization of the Ranchi Jesuit Province, 1956–2000 Rinald D’Souza Ethnographic Objects and Provenance from Missionary Contexts. The Chile Missions of the Bavarian Capuchins and their Museum in Altötting, 1896–1932 Markus A. Scholz ‘Benefactors of Humanity’? Monuments for Missionaries in the Belgian Public Space Idesbald Goddeeris