This encyclopedia documents the presence and impact of nationalized cultural consciousness in European nationalism. It tracks how intellectuals, historians, philologists, novelists, poets, painters, folklorists, and composers, in an intensely collaborative transnational network, articulated the national identities and aspirations that would go on to determine European history and politics, with effects that are still felt today. This new revised edition includes more than 100 additional articles, including coverage of memory culture as an aspect of Romantic nationalism and improved coverage of various cultural communities such as Czech, Finnish and Hungarian. Edited by Joep Leerssen, in cooperation with over 350 authors from dozens of countries, this encyclopedia gives a clear idea of the intricate (transnational and intermedial) networks and entanglements in which all aspects of Romantic Nationalism are connected. Manual: How to use ERNiE Thematic articles: Nationalities and cultural fields Introduction and Survey articles Individuals: Person articles and Index Cross-references and article identifiers Note on transliterations and proper names Introduction (Meta)culture, cultural practitioners, and the cultivation of culture Cultural and Romantic Nationalism: Metaculture into politics A very long nineteenth century The European focus References Survey articles on cultural currents in Romantic Nationalism BACKGROUND: Explanatory notes on concepts and terminology Notes on European nationalisms Culture, cultivation and Romantic Nationalism Embodied communities: Sociability, festivals and funerals, conviviality Conviviality and gender: The salon and their public sphere 1.LANGUAGE: Linguistic reflection and language activism The importance of language in Romanticism and nationalism 2.TRADITIONS: Immaterial and traditional culture Ethnography and ethnicity Mythology Oral literature and folk music Manners and customs Sports and pastimes 3.SIGHT AND SOUND: Musical and visual culture World Fairs and international exhibitions Dress and design Visual arts: History paintings, genre paintings and Academic Romanticism Architecture National-classical music 4.TEXTS AND STORIES: Literary and historical culture Antiquarianism and archeology History-writing After Ossian: Editing vernacular classics The historical novel Patriotic poetry and verse Literary realism and the nation Vernacular translations of the Bible and world classics Reflecting on national identity: Cultural criticism and activist writing 5.SOCIETY: Sociocultural mobilization Collective memories, commemorative festivals Choral societies National drama and national theatres Sports/athletics associations National museums in Europe Publishing, libraries, book clubs and reading societies Education Illustrations Individuals Name index