This transition is often harder than is recognized. The target audience has typically reached the top of an educational ladder, and moves, with a first job, to an organization with different norms, objectives and understanding of innovation. Relevant organizations are wide-ranging, and include companies, governments (local or national), government agencies and educational institutions. The primary purpose of this book is to provide a useful resource for those making the above transition. It may also be of value to people interacting with innovative scientists and technologists from other perspectives, for example from those in funding, commercial or managerial roles. The book has three areas of focus. Firstly, on early-stage innovation, covering the journey from idea to proof-of-concept. Here the factors involved are common across many different areas. Secondly, on the needs of scientists and technologists, and thirdly on innovation by organizations. The contents cover key ideas in innovation, processes for stimulating and managing early-stage innovation, open innovation, and behaviors and communications which support innovation. Conceptual frameworks are described, as well as practical examples. A set of case studies is included, and extensive references are provided. A concluding chapter discusses developments in the management of innovation. The content has been shaped by the author's experience in giving many interactive courses on managing early stage innovation to scientists and engineers, which has given insights into needs; the style is shaped by the author's track record in scientific publications and lecturing. The focus, content and style will make the book more accessible and attractive to the target readership than related books on the market, and will benefit the target readership by enabling them to become more effective in roles involving innovation.